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^\AA>-'VMVv,9:>ev\\a\MltA 1 



AN 



ACCOUNT, • 



Shewing the PROGRESS of the 



Colonj of GEORGIA 



IN 



AMERICA, 



FROM IT'S 



First Establishment- 



Published per Order of the Honorable the Trustees. 



L O ND O N : Printed in ttie Year M,DCC,XL1. 
^MARYLAND: Reprinted and Sold by Jon«s Green, aih\s 
PRlNTINCi-OFFlCE, in Annapolis. 1742. 






p. Force, Washington, 1835. 



THE PREFACE. 



TNthe Year 1141, there iv as Printed and Published hyP.T. 
^ in Charles-Town in South-Carolina, for the Authors P. 

T r, M. D. H. A n, M. A. D. D s, and Others, 

Land— holders in Georgia, (at that Time in Charles— Town) a 
Pamphlet entitulcd, A True and Historical Narrative of the Col- 
ony of Georgia in America, Ste. Dedicated to his Excellency, 
James Oglethorpe, Esq; General and Commander-in-ChieJ oj 
his Majesty's Forces in South-Carolina and Georgia, ^c. The 
Dedication seems a very just Introduction to such a Narrative, 
and both the one and the other, the real Offspring of such fac- 
tious and turbulent Authors ; being a mean low-witted Sneer, 
a malicious ill-natured Invective, against that honorable Gen- 
tleman, wherein the Authors, without any regard to Good Man- 
ners or Common Civility, treat his Excellency (as it were to his 
Face) with such Rudeness as ill becomes any Person to use 
even to an Inferior : However, I cannot say but a very ft Prelude 
to such an inconsistent, sjjiteful, false Narrative, as is sidjoincd to 
the Dedication ; a Narrative founded in Lies and Misrepresen- 
tations, pjrojected and published by a few Persons of no Estate, 
and as little Character, Persons sour'd in their Tempers, be- 
cause not humoured in their endeavours of subverting, or at least 
altering, the Constitution of a new settled Colony, even in it's 
Infancy, and before any great Experiment was made of Advan- 
cing and improving it ; Persons, ivho were under a necessity of 
Banishing themselves from a Colony, where, for their seditious 
and rebellious Practices, and turbulent restless Spirits, they 
were every day in danger of being calVd to Account, as stirrers 
up of Discontent, and as Incendiaries against the Peace of the 
Government ; Persons who had shared deeply in his Excellency's 
Favours, and therefore guilty of the most monstrous Siii in na- 
ture, viz. Ingratitude ; for Si ingratum dixeris, Onniia. In 
short, they are Persons to whom do most justly belong the Char- 
acter given by the Right Honourable Sir William Young, in a 
Debate concerning the Printer of a seditious Paper, " that 
"' they are Men ivhose daily Employment has been, for some 
•• time, to misrepresent the Publick Measures, to disperse Scan- 
•^ dal, and excite Rebellion; loho have industriously propa- 
'•^ gated every Murmur of Discontent, and preserved every 
" Wliisper of Malevolence from perishing in the Birth." — 
Gent. Mag. Supplement to 1741, p. 682. B. 

These are the mighty Authors and Publishers of the Scur- 
rilious Narrative ! the Design of which seems to be pointed 



IV* THE PREFACE. 



chiefly towards obstructing the Peopling, and further Settling' f 
the Colony of Georgia, and sullying the Character and Admin- 
istration of a Gentleman^ ivho may (icithout Flattery or Fals- 
hood) be justly termed the Romulus, Father, and Founder of 
Georgia; a Gentleman who, without any Views but that of en- 
larging his Majesty^s Dominions, propagating the Protestant 
Religion, promoting the Trade of his Country, and providing 
for the Wants and Necessities of indigent Christians, has 
voluntarily banished himself from the Pleasures of a Court and 
exposed himself to the repeated Dangers of the vast Atlantic 
Ocean, in several perillous and tedious Voyages ; instead of 
allowing himself the Satisfaction, ivhich a plentiful Fortune, 
powerful Friends, and great Merit, entitle him to in England, 
he has inured himself to the greatest Hardships, that any the 
meanest Inhabitant of this new Colony could be exposed to; his 
Diet has been mouldy Bread, or boiled Rice instead of Bread, 
Salt Beef, Porh', ^"C. his Drink has been Water, his Bed the 
damp Earth, without any other Covering than the Canopy of 
Heaven to skelter him ; and all this to set an Example to this 
new Colony, how they might bear with such Hardships in their 
new Settlements. 

His Conduct in War, falls nothing short of his Prudence in 
private Life, and Policy in Publick Stations, however the same 
might have been misrepresented to the World, with respect to 
the Miscarriage before St. Augustine, the true Causes of which 
are justly to be laid at the Door of Two Sorts of Men, con- 
cerned in that Expedition ; first those under a Command dif- 
ferent from, the General, upon lohose Assistance the Success 0/ 
that Expedition chifly depended, but who entirely left him when 
their Asssitancc ivas rnost wanted. The Second Sort were those 
Out— Guards, loho were to give the Alarm to the Main-Guard, 
rvhen the Spaniards advanced ; but, who, instead of f ring their 
Pieces, and giving the Alarm, flung down their Arms and ran 
away ; by ivhich Means, the Slaughter of the Men at Musa 
happened : And yet, Ill-Nature tvill lay the Blame of all to 
his Excellency , when indeed the Miscarriage was occasioned by 
either Neglect of, or Disobedience to, the Military Orders 
that his Excellency had given ; or by not being supported by 
those under a different Command, on whom he chifly depended 
for Success of that Attach ; but (to his Excellency's great Sur- 
prize) instead of sending their Boats and Men ashore, accord- 
ing to a Result of a Council of War, held on board one of 
his Majesty's Ships, to assist in order to destroy the Six Gal- 
lies, ivherein the Spaniards greatest Safe-guard lay, and which 
continually fired from- under the Walls over the River, on the 
hand Forces, hoisted their Sails and went away, without giving 
the least Notice of their Departure, by ivhich Means the Gar- 



THE PREFACE. V. 

risoii was relieved with Provisions through the Melanges, a small 
Inlet about Four Leagues to the Southward of the Bar, lohich 
might have been prevented, had those of a different Command 
done their Duty. Thus I leave any impartial Man, to judge the 
Consequence of their Departure at so critical a Juncture, and 
the fatal Event it produced to his Majesty's Land Forces. 
However, his Excellency's Conduct has been approved of at 
Home, and ivill soon appear in such a Light, that his Enemies 
will be ashamed of their impudent Lies, and perhaps pay for 
their own Folly ; and hoiv far the lll-JSature, and impotent Ma- 
lice, ofth' Authors of the Narrative, have carried them beyond 
the Bounds of Trulh or good Manners, will appear in the fol- 
loiving Sheets, which give a true and authentic Account of the 
Progress of that Colony, from it's first Establishment, to the 
Year 1741, which being published by the Order of the Honour- 
able the Trustees, and printed in London, Anno 1741, is now 
Re-printed here, ivith no other View, than to obviate the Pre- 
judices which may be raised in the Minds of People, by that 
Scandalous Narrative, and so may be a Means of delivering that 
Neiv Settlement, from the ill Effect of such Misrepresentations 
as are handed about by that Libel, to deter his Majesty's Subjects 
from settling in that Frontier Colony, so necessary for advancing 
and protecting the Trade of this, and our Mother Country, on 
the Southermost Part of North America, a7id extending our 
Colonies both on the Gulf of Florida, a7id the Bay of Mexico. 
Magna est Veritas, h prevalebit. 



AN 
ACCOUNT, 

Sliewing the Progress of tlic 

Colony of GEORGIA 

IN 

A M ERICA, 
From it's First Est ahlishment. 

HIS Majesty King GEORGE the Second, by his Let- 
ters Patent bearing date the i)ih Day of June, One 
thousand seven liundred and thirty two, reciting amongst 
many other things, that many of his poor Subjects 
were through Misfortunes and want of Employment reduced to 
great Necessities, and would be glad to be Settled in any of his 
Majesty's Provinces of -^/?^er^co, where by Cultivating the Lands 
Waste and Desolate, they might not only gain a comfortable 
Subsistence, but also, strengthen his Majesty's Colonies, and in- 
crease the Trade, Navigation and Wealth of his JMajesty's Realms, 
and that the Provinces in North America had been frequently 
Ravaged by Indian Enemies, more especially that of iSouih 
Carolina, whose Southern Frontier continued unsettled and lay 
open to the Neighbouring Savages, and that to relieve the Wants 
of the said Poor People, and to protect his Majesty's Subjects in 
South Carolina, a Regular Colony of the said Poor People should 
be Settled and Established in the Southern Frontiers of Carolina 
did for the Considerations aforesaid. Constitute a Corporation by 
the Name of the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of jGcpr- 
gia in America, with Capacity to purchase and take Lands, to 
sue'Tand To be sued, to have a Common Seal, and to Chuse 
Members of the said Corporation on the third Thursday in March 
Yearly, with restraining Clauses, that no Member of the said 
Corporation should have anj' Salary, Fee, Perquisite, Benefit or 
Profit whatsoever for Acting therein, or have any Office, Place, 
or Employment of Profit under the said Corporation, with a 
Direction for the said Corporation every Year to lay an Account 
in Writing before the Lord Chancellor, Chief Justice of the Kings 
Bench, Master of the Rolls, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, 
and Chief Baron of the Exchequer, or any Two of them, of all 
Moneys or Efiects by them Received or Expended for Carrying 
on the good Purposes aforesaid, with a Power to make By-Laws^ 
Constitutions, Orders and Ordinances : And Granted amongst 



[ -^ j 

other things to the said Corporation and their Successors, under the 
Reservations therein mentioned, seven undivided Parts (the whole 
into eight equal parts to be divided) of all those Lands, Countries 
and Territories, situate, lying and being in that part of South 
Carolina in America, which lies from the most Northern Stream 
of a River there commonly called the Savannah, all along the 
Sea Coast to the Southward, unto the most Southern Stream of 
a certain other great Water or River, called the Alatamaha, and 
Westward from the Heads of the said Rivers respectively in di- 
rect Lines to the South Seas, To have and to hold the same, to 
them the said Corporation and their Successors for Ever, for the 
better support of the said Colony under the Yearly Rent of Four 
Shillings Proclamation Money of South Carolina, for every 
Hundred Acres of the said Lands for ever, which the said Cor- 
poration should Grant, Demise, Plant or Settle, but not to Com- 
mence until Ten Years after such Grant, Demise, Planting or 
Settling; And Erected and Created the said Lands, Countries, 
and Territories into one independent and separate Province by 
the Name of GEORGIA, and made the Inhabitants who should 
reside therein, free and not subject to any Laws, Orders, Statutes, 
or Constitutions of South Carolina, except the Commander-in- 
Chief of the Militia, and Authorized the said Corporation for the 
Term of twenty-one Years from the Date of the said Letters Pa- 
tent to form and prepare Laws, Statutes and Ordinances for the 
Government of the said Colony, not repugnant to the Laws and 
Statutes of England, to be presented under their Common Seal, 
to his Majest}' in Council, for liis Approbation or Disallowance, 
and that the said Laws so Approved of should be in full Force 
and Virtue within the said Province: And impowered the Com- 
mon Council for the Time being of the said Corporation, or the 
major Part of them, to dispose of, expend and apply, all the Mo- 
neys and Effects belonging to the said Corporation, and to make 
Contracts for Carrying and Effecting the good Purposes therein 
intended, and that they should, from Time to Time, appoint a 
Treasurer, Secretary, and such other Officers, Ministers, and 
Servants of the said Corporation as they should see j)roper, for 
the good Management of their Affairs, and at their Pleasure to 
remove them and appoint Others in their stead, and that they 
should appoint reasonable Salaries, Perquisites and other Rewards 
for their Labour or Services, and that such Officers should be 
Sworn before they Act, for the faithful and due Execution of their 
respective Offices and Places; and declared, that the Treasurer 
and Secretary for the Time being should be incapable of being 
Members of the said Corporation ; and granted to the said Cor- 
poration that it should be lav/ful for them, their Officers or Agents, 
to Transport and Convey into the said Province, such of his 
Majesty's Subjects and Foreigners as were willing to go and 



[3] 

Inhabit and Reside there ; and declared all Persons Bom within 
the said Province, and their Children and Posteiity, to be Free 
Denizens as if they had been Born within any of his Majesty's 
Dominions: And impowered the said Common Council in the 
Name of the Corporation and under their Comnioa Seal, to dis- 
tribute, convey, assign, and set over such particular Portions of 
the said Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments, unto such of his 
Majesty's Subjects and others willing to Live in the said Colony, 
upon such Terms, and for such Estates, and upon such Rents, 
Reservations and Conditions, as the same might lawfully be grant- 
ed, and as to the said Common Council, or the major Part of 
them, should seem fit and proper, Provided that no Grant should 
be made of any part of the said Lands, unto, or in trust for, or 
for the Benefit of any Member of the said Coiporation, and that 
no greater Quantity of the said Lands be granted either intirely 
or in parcels, to or to the use of, or in trust for, any one Person, 
than five hundred Acres ; and declaied tliat all Grants made con- 
trary to the true intent and meaning thereof should be at solutely 
Null and Void: And granted that the said Corporation for the 
Term of Twenty One Years from the Date of tlie said Letters 
Patent should have Power to Erect and Constitute Judicatuies 
and Courts of Record, or oth.er Courts, to be held in his Majesty's 
Name, for the hearing and determining of all manner of Crimes, 
Offences, Pleas, Processes, Plaints, Actions, Matters, Causes and 
Things whatsoever, ai'ising or happening within the said Province, 
or between Persons Inhabiting or Residing there, and forav/arding 
and making out Executions thereupon ; and directed the said 
Corporation to Register or cause to be Registred, all Leases, 
Grants, Plantings, Conveyances, Settlements and improvements 
whatsoever, as should at any time be made of any Lands, Tene- 
ments or Hereditaments within the said Province, and Yearly 
transmit Authentick Accounts thereof unto the Auditor of the 
Plantations, or his Deputy, and to the Surveyor of South Carolina, 
to inspect and survey the same, to Ascertain the Quit-Rents tliat 
should become due according to the Reservation before mentioned ; 
but not to have, or take any Gratuity, Fee or Reward for such 
Survey or Inspection, on Forfeiture of their Office ; with a Pro- 
viso, That all Leases, Grants and Conveyances to be made, of any 
Lands within the said Province, or a Memorial Contain-n? :) e 
Substance or Effect thereof, should be Registred with the Audi- 
tor of the Plantations within One Year from the Date thereof, 
otherwise that the same should be void: And directed, that all 
Rents, Issues or Profits which should come to the said C-'orpcra- 
tion, issuing or arising out of, or from the said Province; should 
be laid out and applied in such manner as would most improve 
and enlarge the said Colony, and best Answer the good Purposes 



[4] 

therein mentioned, and for defraying all other Charges about the 
same ; and directed the said Corporation from time to time to give 
in to one of tlie Secretaries of State, and to the Commissioners 
of Trade and Plantations, Accounts of the Progress of the said 
Colony; And directed that the said Common Council should 
fi'om time to time for the said Term of twenty one Years from 
the Date of the said Letters Patent, have Power to appoint all 
such Governours, Judges, Magistrates, Ministers, and Officers, 
Civil and Militaiy, both by Sea and Land, within the said Dis- 
trict, as they should think fit and needful for the Government of 
the said Colony (except such Officers as should be appointed for 
Managing, Collecting and Receiving such of his Majesty's Rev- 
enues, as should arise within the said Province) with a Proviso, 
that every Governourso Appointed, should be Approved by his 
Majesty, and Qualify himself as other Governours in America 
are by Law required to do, and give Security for Observing the 
Acts of Parliament relating to Trade and Navigation, and Obey- 
ing all Instructions from his Majesty, or any Acting under his 
Authority, pursuant to the said Acts : And Granted, that the 
said Corporation for the said Term of twenty one Years, from 
the Date of the said Letters Patent, should have Power, by any 
Commander or other Officer for that Purpose appointed to Train, 
Instruct, Exercise, and Govern, a Militia for the special Defence 
and Safety of the said Colony, to Assemble in Martial Array, and 
put in Warlike Posture, the Inhabitants of the said Colony, and 
in Time of actual War, Invasion or Rebellion, to use and exercise 
the Law Martial, and also to erect Forts and Fortify any Place 
or Places within the said Colony, and the same to furnish with all 
necessary Ammunition, Provision and Stores of War for Offence 
and Defence, and from time to time to commit the Custody and 
Government of tliem to such Person or Persons as to them should 
seem meet, Declaring that the Governour or Commander in 
Cliief of South Carolina should have the Chief Command of the 
Militia of Georgia, and that they should observe his Orders; 
And Granted that the said Corporation should have Power to 
Import or Export their Goods, at or from any Port or Ports that 
should be appointed by his Majesty within the said Province for 
that purpose, witliout being obliged to touch at any other Port in 
Carolina: And Declared, that after the End of the said twenty 
one Years, such Form of Government, and method of making 
Laws, Statutes, and Ordinances for the Government of the said 
Province, and it's Inhabitants, should be Observed and Establish- 
ed within the same, as his Majesty, his Heirs and Successors 
should Ordain and Appoint, and should be agreable to Law ; and 
that after the End of the said twenty one Years, the Governour^ 
and all Officers Ci\'il and Military, within the said Province. 



[5j 

should be Appointed by his Majesty, his heirs and Successors. 
In Pursuance of his Majesty's Cliarter, and in order to fulfil 
the good Intents and Purposes therein expressed, it was thought 
necessary for the Trustees to send over such poor People and 
foreign Protestants as were willing to Live in Georgia, not only 
to cultivate the Lands, but at the same Time to strengthen his Ma- 
jesty's Colonies. For which purpose they considered each In- 
habitant both as a Planter and a Soldier; and they were therefore 
to be Provided with Arms tor their Defence, as well as Tools for 
their Cultivation, and to be Taught the Exercise of both, and 
Towns were to be laid out for their Settlements, and Lands al- 
lotted to each of them for their Maintenance as near to those 
Towns as conveniently could be, that they might never have 
Occasion to be too far distant from their Tow^ns, which were to 
be regarded as their Garrisons. 

And as the Military Strength of the Province was particulaly 
to be taken care of, it seemed necessary to Establish such Ten^^ 
ures of Lands as might most effectually preserve the Number of 
Planters, or Soldiers, equal to the Number of Lots of Lands, and 
therefore each Lot of Land was to be considered as a Military 
Fief, and to contain so much in Quantity as would Support such 
Planter and his Family ; and Fifty Acres were judged sufficient 
and not too much for that Purpose, and Provision was made to 
prevent an Accumulation of several Lots into one Hand, lest the 
Garrison should be lessened, and likewise to prevent a Division 
of those Lots into smaller Parcels, lest that which was no more 
than Sufficient for one Planter, when entire, should if divided 
amongst several, be too scanty for their Subsistence. 

And in the Infancy of the Colony, the Lands were Granted in 
Tail Male, preferable to any other Tenure, as the n:iost likely to 
answer these Purposes; for if the Grants were to be made in Tail 
General, it was thought that the Strength of each Township would 
soon be diminished, in as much as every Female Heir in Tail, 
who was unmarried, would have been intitled to one Lot, and 
consequently have taken from the Garrison the Portion of one 
Soldier ; and by Intermarriages several Lots might have been 
united into one ; and if such Tenant in Tail General had had several 
Daughters, his Lot must have been Divided equally amongst 
them all as Co-partners. 

Nor were these the only inconveniencies which were thought 
likely to arise from Estates in Tail General : For Women being 
equally incapable to Act as Soldiers or serve on Juiies, these 
Duties, and many others, such as Watchings and Wa.dinus, fyc. 
would return so much oftener to each Man, in proportion as the 
Number of the Men in the Township was lessened, and by that 
means become very burthensome to the Remaining Male Lot 



[6] 

holders, and in case of any Attack from the Indians, French or 
Spaniards, the Township would be less able to make a Defence. 
And as it was not thought proper to Grant Estates in Tail Gen- 
eral, it appeared to be more inconvenient to Grant them in Fee 
Simple ; which Estate would have been attended with all the 
Objections before mentioned incident to Estates in Tail General, 
and to several other besides ; for the Right of Alienation being 
inseparable from an Estate in Fee, the Grantee might have Sold, 
Mortgaged, or Aliened his Lands to whomever he thought fit, 
which was a Power not to be intrusted with the People sent over, 
for the following Reasons : 

1. From Considering their Condition. 

2. From Considering tlie Purposes they were sent for. 

3. From Considering the Persons to whom Lands might be 
Alienated. And, 

4. From Considering that it might Occasion a Monopoly of 
Land contrary to the Intent of the Charter. 

As to the First, The Persons sent over were poor indigent 
People, who had for the most part so indiscreetly managed what 
they had been Masters of here, that it did not seem safe to trust 
so absolute a Property in their Hands, at least in the Infancy of 
the Colony, and before they had by a careful and industrious 
Behaviour given some Reason to believe they would prove better 
Managers for the future. 

As to the Second, They were sent over to inhabit, cultivate, 
and secure, by a personal Residence, the Lands Granted to them 
within the Province, and they voluntarily engaged so to do ; And 
in expectation that they would perform those Engagements, they 
were Maintained at the Expence of the Publick during their Voy- 
age, and tlieir Passage was paid for them, and they were provided 
with Tools, Arms, Seeds, and other Necessaries, and Supported 
from the Publick Store, many of them at least for four Years 
together from their first Landing, in which respect the Publick may 
be said to have Purcliased those People for a valuable Consider- 
ation, their Personal Residence, and all the Industry and Labour 
they could bestow in the Cultivation of this Province, and to have 
given them even Pay for the Hazard they might run in the De- 
fence of it. 

As to the Third, It was thought unsafe to Grant them such an 
Estate as might be the Means of introducing such sort of People 
as migJit Defeat what the Trustees had always at Heart, viz. 
The Preservation of the Protestant Religion in that Province, 
which v/as necessary to be taken Care of, laoth on a Political and 
Religious Account, the French lying to the West and the Spaii- 
iards, to the South of the Province of Georgia. 

As to the Fourth, A Monopoly of several Lots into one Hand 



[7] 

would necessarily have been the consequence of a Free Liberiy 
of Buying and Selling Lands within the Province, which would 
have been di.ectly contraiy to the Intent of the Charter, whereby 
the Grant of Lands to any one Person is limited not to exceed 
five hundred Acres. 

A further inconvenience seemed likely to arise in every Case 
where the Tenant in Fee died without any Chidren, or without 
havint^ disposed of his Lot by Will ; for the Heir General who 
might have the Right to it might not iiappen to be found out for 
many Years after, especially if it was one of the Foreign Protes- 
tants, and all that Time the House would have mn to decay, and 
the Land remain uncultivated and become a harbour for Vermin, 
to the great annoyance and damage of the Neighbouring Lots. 

But though the before-mentioned restraints were intended for 
the good of the whole, yet whenever particular Cases required it 
they were taken off and dispensed with: And upon any appli- 
cation for leave to alienate Lands, Licences were always granted 
for that purpose ; and when the succession of Females became less 
dangerous to the Province, by the growing strength and increase 
of the People, and by the Security provided for it by his Majesty's 
Forces there, the Trustees resolved to enlarge the Tenures of 
the Lands to Estates in Tail General. 

The Tenures being thus settled, it was thought necessary to 
require the Inhabitants to cultivate their Lands within a limited 
Time, and in order to raise Raw silk, which was intended to be 
one of the Produces there, a certain proportion of white Mulber- 
ry-Trees were to be Planted, and in their respective Grants Ten 
Years were allowed for the Cultivation, and one hundred white 
Mulbery-Trees were to be planted on every ten Acres of Land 
when Cleared ; with a Power for the Trustees to re-enter on the 
Paits that should remain uncultivated. 

But as the People were not able to Cultivate their Lands 
within the Time required by their Grants, by reason of the 
Alarms from the Spaniards, the Droughts in that part of Amer- 
ica, and other unforeseen Accidents, the Trustees resolved to 
release all forfeitures on that Account, and to require the Culti- 
vation of no more than five Acres of the said fifty Acres within 
the Remainder of the said Term of Ten Years. 

And as other Persons applied to the Tmstees for Grants of 
Land, in order to go over and Settle there at their own Expence, 
particular Grants were made under the same Tenure and on the 
following Conditions viz. That they should within twelve 
Months from the Date of their Grants, go to and arrive in 
Georgia, with one Man Servant for every fifty Acres Granted 
them, and should with such Servants abide, settle, inhabit and 
continue there for three Years. That thev shouldw ithin ten 



[8] 

Years Clear and Cultivate one fifth part of the Land granted 
them, and within the next ten Years Clear and Cultivate 
three fifth parts more of the said Lands, and plant one thousand 
v/hhe Mulberry-Trees upon every one hundred Acres thereof 
when Cleared. And that they should not at any time hire, keep, 
lodge, board or employ any Negroes within Georgia on any 
Account whatsoever without special Leave. Which Conditions 
were readily approved of, and Counterparts executed by them 
all ; and to those n ho desired to name their Successor on failure 
of Issue Male, special Covenants were entered into by the 
Trustees for that Purpose, agreable to their o\ati Propositions. 
And for an encouragement for their Men Servants to behave well, 
like Covenants were entered into, to Grant to every such Man 
Servant, when requested thereunto by any Writing under the 
Hand and Seal of the Master, Twenty Acres of Land under the 
same Tenure. 

The Trustees were induced to prohibit the use of Negroes 
within Georgia, the Intention of his Majesty's Charter being to 
provide for poor People incapable of subsisting themselves at 
Home, and to settle a Frontier to South Carolina, which was 
much exposed by the small number of it's White Inhabitants. It 
was imposible that the Poor who should be sent from hence, and 
the Foreign Prosecuted Protestants, who must go in a manner 
Naked into the Colony, could be able to purchase or subsist them 
if they had them, and it would be a Charge too great for the 
Trustees to undertake; and they would be thereby disabled 
fi-om sending White People. The first Cost of a Negro is about 
Thirty Pounds, and this Thirty Pounds would pay the Passage 
over, provide Tools and other Necessaries, and defi"ay the Charge 
of subsistence of a White Man for a Year, in which time it might 
be hoped that the Planter's own Labour would grant him some 
subsistence. Consequently the Purchase Money of every Negro 
(abstracting tlie Expence of subsisting him as well as his Master) 
by being applied that way, would prevent the sending over a 
White Man who would be a Security to the Province, whereas the 
Negro would rentier that Security Precarious. 

It was thought the White Man, by having a Negro Slave, would 
be less disposed to Labour himself; and that his whole Time must 
be employed in keeping the Neqrro to Work', and in watching 
against any Danger he or his Family mi-^ht apprehend from the 
Slave, and that the Planter's ^^ ife and Cl'ildren would by the 
Death or even the Absence of the Planter, be at the Mercy of the 
Negro. 

It was also apprehended, that the Spaniards at St. Avgvstine 
Would be continually enticing away the Negroes, or encouiagng 
fhem to Insurrections. That the first might easily be accomplish- 



[9] 

ed since a single Negro would run away thither without Compan- 
ions, and would only have a River or two to swim over, and this 
Opinion has been confirmed and justified by the practices of the 
Spaniards even in Times of profound Peace amongst the Ne- 
groes in South Carolina, where though at a greater Distance from 
St. Augustine, some have fled in Periaguas and little Boats to 
the Spaniards, and been Protected, and others in large Bodies 
have been incited to Insurrections, to the great Terror and even 
endangering the Loss of that Province, which thougli it has been 
established above seventy Years, has scarce White People enough 
to secure her own Slaves. 

It was also considered that the Produces designed to be raised 
in the Colony, would not require such Labour as to make Negroes 
necessary for Carrying them on ; for the Province of Carolina 
produces chiefly Rice, which is a Work of Hardship proper for 
Negroes, whereas the Silk and other Produces v.'hich the Trustees 
proposed to have the People employed on in Georgia, were such 
as Women and Children might be of as much use in as Negroes. 

It was likewise apprehended, that if the Persons who should 
go over to Georgia at their own Expence, should be permitted 
the use of Nesjroes, it would dispirit and ruin the Poor Planters 
who could not get them, and who by their Numbers were 
designed to be the strength of the Province ; it would make 
them Clamorous to have Negroes given them, and on the 
Refusal would driv^e them, from the Province, or at least make 
them negligent of their Plantations, where they would be un- 
willing, nay would certainly disdain, to work like Negroes ; and 
would rather let themselves out to wealthy Planters as Overseers 
of their Negroes. 

It was further thought, that upon the Admission of Negi'oes, 
the wealthy Planters would, as in all other Colonies, be more in- 
duced to absent themselves and live in other Places, leaving the 
Care of their Plantations and Negroes to Overseers. 

It was likewise thought, that the Poor Planter sent on Charity, 
from his desire to have Negroes, as well as the Planter who sliould 
settle at his own Expence, would (if he had leave to alienate) 
Mortgage his Land to the Negro Merchant for them, or at least 
become a Debtor for the Purchase of such Negroes ; and under 
these Weights and Discouragements would be induced to sell his 
Slaves again upon any necessity, and would leave the Province 
and his Lot to the Negro Merchant : In Consequence of which all 
the small Properties would be swallowed up, as they have been 
in other Places, by the more wealthy Planters. 

In was likewise Considered, that the admitting of Negroes in 
Georgia would naturally facilitate the Desertion of the Carolina 
Negroes through the Province of Georgia, and Consequently this 
Colony instead of proving a Frontier and adding strength to the 



[10] 

Province of South Carolina, would be a Means of drawing off 
the Slaves of Carolina, and adding thereby a strength to Augus- 
tine. 

From these several Considerations, as the Produces to be raised 
in the Colony did not make Negro Slaves necessary, as the 
Introduction of them so near to a Garrison of the Spaniards would 
weaken rather than strengthen the Barrier, and as they would 
introduce with them a greater Propensity to Idleness among the 
Poor Planters, and too great an inequality among the People, it 
was thought proper to make the Prohibition of them a Funda- 
mental of the Constitution. 

When the Trustees had made these Dispositions, and were 
enabled by Benefactions from several private Persons, on the Zd 
of October 1732, It was resolved, to send over One hundred and 
fourteen Persons, Men, Women and Children, being such as were 
in decayed Circumstances, and thereby disabled from following 
any Business in England, and who if in Debt had leave from 
their Creditors to go, and such as were recommended by the 
Minister, Church— Wardens and Overseers of their respective 
Parishes. And James Oglethorpe, Esq. one of the Trustees, 
went with them at his own Expence, to settle them. 

On the 'iAth of the same Month the People were all Exam- 
ined whether any of them had any Objections to the Terms and 
Conditions proposed to them, which they all declared they had 
not, but that they were fully satisfied with them, and executed 
Articles under their Hands and Seals, Testifying their Consents 
thereto, which are now in the Publick Office belonging to the 
Trustees. 

But four of them desiring that their Daughters might inherit as 
well as Sons, and that the Widows Dower might be considered, 
the Trustees immediately Resolved, that every Person who should 
desire the same, should have the Privilege of naming a Successor 
to the Lands granted to them, who in Case the Possessor should 
die without Issue Male, should hold the same to them and their 
Heirs Male for ever; and that the Widows should have their 
Thirds as in England, with which Resolutions the People being 
all acquainted, were very well satisfied. 

The Trustees prepared Forms of Government, agreable to the 
Powers given them by their Charter ; they Established under their 
Seal a Court of Judicature for Trying Causes as well Criminal as 
Civil in the Town of Savannah, (the Name which was given to 
the first Town to be raised) by the Name and Stile of The Town 
Court; They also appointed Magistrates there, viz. Three 
Bailiffs and a Recorder ; and inferior Officers, viz. Two 
Constables and two Tything Men: They Chose for Magistrates 
such as appeared to them the most Prudent and Discreet, but 
amongst a Number of People who were all upon a Level at their 



[11] 

first setting out, it was impossible to make any Choice or Dis- 
tinction which would not create some future uneasinesses among 
them. 

On the I6th of November, 1732, when the One Hundred and 
Fourteen Persons, and with them the Reverend Mr. Herbert a 
Clergyman of the Church of England, and a Man from Fiedmont 
(engaged by the Trustees to instruct the People in the Art of 
Winding Silk) Embarkt on board the Ship Anne, Capt. Tiiomas; 
several of the Trustees went to Grovesend, called over the People, 
and made a strict Enquiry into their Accommodations and Pro- 
visions, and left the People very well satisfied. Soon alter Fif- 
teen more Persons were sent, Eleven of whom weie Sawyers, in 
order to Assist the People in Building their Houses. 

At the time of the Embarkation five thousanti Acres of Land 
were Granted to Tiu"ee of the Colonists, in trust for them or the 
survivors of them, to make Grants from time to time to every 
Man of twenty one Years of Age or upwards, (who should arrive 
in Georgia, and desire the same) fifty Acres of Land to hold to 
him and his Heirs Male. 

The Common Council of the Trustees (in whom by the Char- 
ter the disposal of Money was lodged) did resolve at their first 
meeting, that the Bank of England should be desired to keep the 
Money belonging to the Trust, which the Bank accepted, and 
have continued so to do, paying no Sums but by Draughts signed 
by five of the Common Council. 

The Trustees desired by a Letter, Sir Thomas Lombc's senti- 
ments of the Goodness of the Raw Silk produced in Carolina, and 
the proper methods of carrying on that Undertaking with Success, 
on which they received * from Sir Thomas Lombc great Encour- 
agement to proceed in it, by his Approbation of the Silk produced 
in that Climate, of which he had made Experiments. 

On the 28th February 1732, the Tmstees received a Letter 
from Mr. Oglethorpe, dated the 13th January, 1732, on Board 
the Ship Anne, of Charles- Toiv7i in South Carolina, giving an 
Account of his safe Arrival there with the People, with the Loss 
only of two Children. 

On the 18^A of July, 1733, they received another Letter from 
him, which is here inserted at length, as it gives an Account of the 
situation were he Planted the People. 

From the Camp near Savannah, the 10th February, 1732, 3. 

Gentlemen, 

T Gave you an Account in my last, of our Arrival at Charles- 

-* TowTi; The Governor and Assembly have given us all possible 

Enoouragement. Our People arrived at Beaufort on the 20th of 

* Appendix, No 1. 



[ l-'^ J 

January, ii'Ae re I lodged them in some new Barracks built for the 
Soldiers, ivhilst I went myself to view the Savannah-River. / 
fxed upon a Healthy Situatio7i about ten Miles from the Sea; 
the River here forms an half Moon, along the south side of which 
the Banks are about forty feet high, and on the Top a Flat, 
which they call a Bluff; the plain High Ground extends into 
the Country about fve or six Miles, and. along the River side 
about a Mile. Ships that draw twelve feet Water can ride 
within ten Yards of the Bank. Upon the River side in the 
Centre of this Plain, I have laid out the Town, opposite, to 
ivhich is an Island of very Rich Pasturage, which I think should 
be kept for the Trustees Cattle ; the River is pretty Wide, the 
Water fresh, and from the Key of the Town you see ifs whole 
Course to the Sea, with the Island of Tyhee, which forms the 
Mouth of the River, for about six Miles up into the Country. 
The Landskip is very agreabJe, the stream being Wide and 
bordered ivith high Woods on both sides. The ivhole People 
arrived here on the 1st o/* February ; at Night their Tents ivere 
got up. Till the 10th we were taken %ip in unloading, and mak- 
ing a Crane, which I then could, not get finished, so took off' 
the Hands and set some to the Fortification and began to fell 
the Woods. I have markt out the Toivn and Common, half of 
the former is already cleared, and the first House was begun 
Yesterday in the afternoon. A little Indian Nation, the only 
one within fifty Miles, is not only in Amity, but desirous to be 
Subjects to his Majesty King George, to have Lands given them 
among us, and to breed their Children at our Schools ; their Chiefs 
and his beloved Man, who is the Second. Man in the Nation^ 
desire to be instructed in the Christian Religion. 

I am. Gentlemen, ^c. 
In this Month of April, the Trustees hi another Embarkation 
of seventeen Persons, sent some Italians whom they had procured 
from Piedmont, in order to promote the Silk Business. 

They received another Letter from Mr. Oglethorpe, dated the 
20^/i February, 1732, of which the following Extract gives a 
further Account of the People and their Situation. 
" /^ UR People arc all in perfect Health ; I chose the Situation 
" foi' ^he Town upon an high Ground, forty Feet per- 
" pendicular above High Water Mark ; the Soil dry and sandy, 
" the Water of the River fresh. Springs coming out from the 
"■ sides of the Hill. I pitched upon this Place not only for the 
" Pleasantness of the Situation, but because f-om the above- 
" mentioned and other signs, I thought it Healthy ; for it is 
" sheltred from the Western and Southern Winds (the worst in 
" this Country) by vast Woods of Pine-Trees, many of ivhich 
■' are an Hundred and fe^v under Seventy Feet high. There 



I 13 ] 

'' is no Morse on the Trees, tho' in most -parts o/" Carolina tJiey 
" are covered with it, and it hangs down two or three feet from 
" them. The last and fullest conviction of the Healthfulness of 
^' the Place, was, that an Indian Nation who kneiv the Nature 
"• of this Country chose it for their Situation.'^ 

The Trustees endeavoured very early to secure the Friendship 
of the Indians, who by Ranging thro' the Woods, would be ca- 
pable of giving constant Intelligence to prevent any Surprize 
upon the People, and would be a good out Guard for the inland 
Parts of the Province. For this Purpose they were treated with 
all possible Candour and Gentleness: They were acquainted, 
that the English had no Intention to Hurt or Distress them, but 
would be ready to Assist and Protect them on all Occasions. 
They received several Presents from the Trustees, and were 
promised, that if any of the People of Georgia injured them, 
they should upon their Complaints and proof of it find a ready 
Redress. For which, in return, the Indians engaged never to 
take any Revenge themselves, as it might breed ill Blood between 
the English and them. And as they have since found, that 
Justice has been always done to them upon proper Complaints, 
they have been true to their Engagements. 

The Indians made a formal and voluntary Cession of that part 
of the Country to Mr. Oglethorpe for the King of Great-Britain 
by which a further Right and Title to it was acquired and added 
to that of the first Discovery and Cultivation ; and a Treaty of 
Friendship and Commerce with them was settled, wliich was soon 
after sent over to the Trustees for their Ratification. 

In the Month of May 1733, the Trustees sent over six Persons 
more. 

The Number of People sent on the Charity from the begin- 
ning to the 9th June 1733, (on which day of the Month the 
Trustees Accompt is Yearly made up, which is directed to be 
delivered to the Lord Chancellor and the other Persons named in 
the Charter) amounted to One hundred and fifty two, of whom 
One hundred and forty one were Britons, and Eleven were 
foreign Protestants, and sixty one were Men. 

The Lands granted in Trust this Year in order to be gi-anted 
out in smaller Portions in Georgia, were the aforesaid five thou- 
sand Acres. 

The Lands granted within this Year to Persons going at their 
OAVTi Expence, were four thousand four hundred and sixty Acres. 

The Money received from Private Persons this Yeai- amounted 
to 3723Z. 13s. Id. whereof the Trustees applied 2254/. 17s. 9d. 
of which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor 
and the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, pursuant to 
their Charter, and carried the Remainder into their succeeding 
Accompt. 



[14] 

Fiomtiie 9tli June 1733, to the 9th June 1734. 

BEsides the several Works on which the People were emplo} - 
ed at Savannah, as Pallisading the Town, Clearing the Place 
from Pine Trees, ^c. and Building of Houses, some other Works 
were carried on, viz. a Publick Garden was laid out, which was 
designed as a Nursery, in order to supply the People for their 
several Plantations with white Mulberry Trees, Vines, Oranges, 
Olives, and other necessary Plants. A Gardiner was appointed 
for the Care of it and to be Paid by the Trustees. A Crane was 
made for Landing of Goods upon the Bluff; a Battery raised 
which Commands the River some distance below the Town, and 
on the Island of Tyhee at the Entrance of the River a Beacon 
was Erected Ninety Feet high, which has been of great Service 
not only to the Ships entering the River Savannah, but to those 
likewise which Sail by the Coast, there being none like it all along 
the Coast of America. 

A Fort was likewise Built at the narrow passages of an inland 
River (called Ogeechee) in order to Protect the Settlement from 
any inland Invasion from Augustine. Two little Villages were 
laid out and settled at about Four Miles distant from Savannah, 
inland fn;rn the River, and a Mile from each other, which were 
called Hampstead and Highgate. 

In the Carolina Gazette * dated the 22d March 1732, a for- 
ther Account was given of the Settlement at Savannah, which 
was Written by a Gentleman of Charles- Town, who with some 
ot'iers went thither out of Curiosity. 

The Parliament having Granted out of Money arisen from the 
Sale of the Lands at St. Christopher, Ten Thousand Pounds for 
the further Settling and Securing the Colony, the Trustees re- 
solved to lose no Time in Strengthening it with People, and accord- 
ingly in the Months of Scptemher and October 1733, they sent 
over two Embarkations of Persons, whose Numbers are entered 
at the End of this Years Proceedings, and of whom many were 
Persecuted Protestants from Saltzburgh. 

As very pleasing Accounts of the Country and Settlement were 
sent from several of the People there to their Friends, the Trustees 
were informed that some Persons had gone about in several Parts 
of England offering Money and Land in their Names (but without 
their Knowledge or Authority) to any who should be desirous of 
going to Georgia : Therefore they Published an Advertisement in 
some of the News Papers, in order to prevent the ill Consequences 
of drawing Laborious People out of the Coimtry with such Ex- 
pectations, and they declared that they had never given such 
Power to any Persons whatsoever, and that they never used any 
Solicitations to induce People to go over. 

*Appendix, No 2. 



[15] 

Kuinber Eril.'s/i J'oi-eigji Pro- Men. 

The Persons sent on ^ ■'<""'• usianis. 

the Chanty this V 341 whereof 237 and 104 and hi 135 

Year were } 

Those in the for- ^ 152 whereof 141 and 11 and in Gl 

mer Year were 5 

The number of Per- ^ 

sons sent in the 1 

two Years to the j 493 whereof 378 and 115 and in 190 

9 June 1734 were J ■■ 

The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Granted 
out in snaaller Portions in Georgia were Eight Tliousand and 
One Hundred Acres. 

The Lands Gianted this Year to Persons going at their own 
Expence were Five Thousand Seven Hundred and Twenty five 
Acres. 

Tlie Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parhameni 
was £.10,000 and from private Persons 1502/. 19s. 3d. whereof 
the Trustees apphed 6863?. Os. 10^. of which they exhibited an 
Account to the Lord Chancellor and Master of the Rolls, pursuant 
to their Charter, and carried the Remainder into their succeedint^ 
Accompt. 



From the 9th June 1734, to the 9th June 1735 

"I N the Month of June 1734, Mr. 0^/e<//orpe arrived from the 
-* Colony, and with him came some of the principal Indians of the 
Loiver CreeJt Nation who live nearest to Savan?iah. 

When these Indians were in England, they desired of the 
Trustees that the Measures, Prices and Qualities of all Goods to 
be Purchased by them with their Deer-skins, might be setded, 
as likewise the Weights ; that nobody might be allowed to Trade 
with the Indians in Georgia without a Licence from the Trustees, 
in order that if they were in any respect Injured or Defrauded 
by the Traders, they might know were to Complain; and they 
further desired there might be but one Storehouse in each Indian 
Town for supplying them with the Goods they might want to 
Purchase, from whence the Trader should be obliged to supply 
them at the first Prices. 

The Reason which the Indians gave for this Application, was, 
because the Traders with them had often in an Arbitrary Manner 
raised the Prices of Goods, and defrauded them in the Weights 
and Measures, and by their Impositions had often created Ani- 
mosities between the English and Indians, which had frequently 
ended in Wars between them prejudicial to both. 

The Trustees having considered of their Request, and being 



[16 J 

iiitbnued thai the Council and Assembly of Carolina had passed 
an Act the '20th August 1731, entituled, An Act for the better 
Regulation of the Indian Trade, and for ajjjjoijiting a Commis- 
sioner for that purpose ivith Regulations, which the Trustees 
hoped might be effectual in Georgia, prepared an Act, entituled. 
An Act for Maintaining the Peace with the Indians in the 
Province of Georgia, ivith the same Regulations and provisions 
as iverc in the Carolina Act ; which Act ceased to be in Force in 
(reorgia since it was erected into a Distinct Independent Province 
not subject to the Laws of Carolina. 

The Trustees receiving frequent Informations from the Colony 
of the pernicious Effects of Drinking Rum and other Spirituous 
Liquors, by not only creating Disorders amongst the Indians (who 
had been plentifully supplied with it by the Traders) but also 
Destroying many of the English, and throwing the People into 
various Distempers, prepared an Act, entituled. An Aot to prevent 
the Importation and, Use of Rum and Brandies in the Province 
of Georgia, or any kind of Spirits or Sti'ong Waters IVhat- 
soever. At the same time they endeavoured to supply the Stores 
with Strong Beer from England, Mollasses for Brewing Beer, 
and witli Madeira Wines, which the People might purchase at 
reasonable Rates, and which would be more refreshing and 
wiiolesome for them. The Magistrates of the Town of Savannah 
were likewise impowered to grant Licences to private Persons 
for Retailing Beer, Ale, &fc. And the Trustees have great Rea- 
son to believe that the remarkable Healthiness of Ebenezer in 
the Nothern Part, and Frederica in the Southern Part of Geor- 
gia,is very much owing to the Prohibition of the Use of Rum: 
For in those Part where Rum in defiance of the Act has been 
introduced, the People have not in general been so Healthy 
and Vigorous. 

At the same Time the Trustees taking into Consideration the 
many Inconveniencies which would attend the Introduction of 
Negroes in a Frontier, for the several Reasons before specified, 
prepared an Act for rendering the Colony of Georgia more De- 
fensible by prohibiting the Importation and Use of Black Slaves 
or Negroes into the same. 

These Three Acts were laid before the King in Council in the 
Month of January 1734, and after a Report from the Lords 
Commissioners for Trade and Plantations to the Committee of 
Council, that they were proper to receive his Majesty's Royal 
Approbation, they were Ratified by his Majesty in Council. 

Tho' the Lands Granted by the Trustees were to Revert to 
them on failure of Issue Male, in order to be re-granted for keep- 
ing up a number of Men ; yet the Trustees as Guardians of the 
People when any such Failure happened, resolved that the value 



of the Improvements upon the Lands of the late Occupiers, should 
be Valued and Paid to or for the Benefit of the Female Issue or 
near Relation, and the first Issue of such a Failure being on the 
Death of Mi . De Far r en, the Value of the Improvements he had 
made upon his Estate was on the 5th Fcbr. 1734 Ordered and 
Paid for the Use of his Daughter in England, who being destitute 
would have been absolutely unable to proceed in the Cultivation 
of her Father's Lot. 

Two Embarkations were made this Year, whose Numbers are 
hereafter mentioned, which consisted chiefly of Saltzburghcrs, 
who with the Saltzburghers that went before, were settled in a 
Town called by them Ebenezer upon the River Savannah, at 
some distance above the Town, and by the Sobriety and Industry 
of the People they prove a very thriving Settlement. 

dumber British Foreii^n Pro- J^hn 

The Persons sent on ^ ""'• testnnis 

the Charity this > ^1 whereof 23 and 58 and in 43 

Year were -j 

Those in the for- ^ 493 whereof 378 and 115 and in 196 

mer Years were ^ 

The number of Per- i 

sons sent in the I 574 whereof 401 and 173 and in 239 

three Years to the f 

9 June 1735 were J 

The Lands Granted in Tmst this Year in order to be Granted 
out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Two Thousand Five 
Hundred Acres. 

The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going at their own 
Expence were One Thousand Nine Hundred Acres. 

The Money received this Year in Benefactions amounted to 
5416Z. 7s. Id. whereof given in South- Carolina 464/. 18s. ^2d. 
the Amount in Sterling Money and in England 4951/. 9s. bd. 
which the Trustees applied, as also part of their fomtier Balance 
to the Amount of 11,194/. 9s. 2rf. of which they exhibited an 
Account to the Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, pursuant 
to their Charter, and earned the then Remainder into their suc- 
ceeding Account. 



From the 9th June 1735, to the 9th June 1736. 

rriHat all Persons who should be desirous of going to Georgia 

■*- might be apprized in Time of the several Conditions they 

were to Perform,* Rules were drawn up and Printed for those 

who should be sent on the Charity, as well as those who should go 



Appendix, No 3, and 4. 



[18] 

on their own Expence, in which the Conditions were specified 
as well as the Necessaries for their Subsistence and Labour. 

The Parliament having in the Year 1735 Granted Twenty six 
Thousand Pounds for the further Settling and Securing the Col- 
ony of Georgia, the Trustees thought it prudent to strengthen the 
Southern Part of the Province by making a Settlement on the 
Alatamaha River, to which they were strongly induced by a 
* Memorial sent to his Majesty from the Governor and Council of 
South- Carolina, dated the 9th April 1734, wherein after Thank- 
ing his Majesty for his peculiar Favour and Froteotion, and 
especially for his most benign Care so wisely calculated for the 
Preservation of South- Carolina, by his Royal Charter to the 
Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia, and after Re- 
presenting the Practices of the French to seduce the .Indians in 
Amity with South- Carolina, the Attention of the French to 
the Improvement of their Settlements, and their late Enlargement 
of them nearer to Carolina, the Defenceless Condition of their 
Province, and the Danger of the Inhabitants from their own Ne- 
groes, and the Ruinous Situation of the fVest-India Trade in case 
the French should possess themselves of Carolina ; they add, 
that the Harbours and Ports of Carolina and f Georgia enable 
his Majesty to be absolute Master of the Passage thro' the Gulph 
of Florida, and to impede at his Pleasure the Transportation 
Home of the Spanish Treasure, which should his Majesty's En- 
emies Possess Avould then prove so many convenient Harbours for 
them to annoy a great Part of the British Trade to America, as 
well as that which is carried on through the Gulph from Jamaica. 

Upon which Inducements the Trustees resolved to make Em- 
barkations for Strengthening the Southern Part of Georgia, and 
to obviate any Objections which might be made by sending over 
any of our useful Poor from England ; and as the Trustees found 
that many of the Poor who had been useless in England were 
inclined to be useless likewise in Georgia, they determined that 
these Embarkations should consist chiefly of Persons from the 
Highlands of Scotland, and Persecuted German Protestants. 

* Appendix, No 5. 

t The Harbour in the Southern Part of Georgiaihe nearest to the Gulph 
of Florida which has yet been Sounded, has been proved by Affidavits 
of three Captains of Ships who have been thi-re, viz. Capt. Thomas 
Shubrick, Capl. George Dymond, and Capt. William Thomson, to be 
capable of receiving Sti'ps ef Foriy Guns, and to be safely Land locked : 
.And by the \ Affidavit of T'AomasPearce Mariner, m ho was on the Coast 
oi Georgia near four Years, it appears, that Ships in th's Harbour may 
in Twenty four Hours from the Bar, run out into the Gulph Streann of 
Florida, thro' which Stream the Spamsh Galleons (when rot passing the 
Windward Passage) always come, 
■f Appendix, No 6, 



[ 19 j 

While these Embarkations were preparmg, the Trustee's made 
Preparations for the new Settlements : They Established the Civil 
Government for the new Town (which was called Frcderica) in 
the same Manner as they had before at Savannah. 

In the Month of January 1735, the Hiii;ldanders arrived in 
Georgia (and with them several of the same Country as Servants 
to private Grantees) they were settled on the Alatamaha River, 
about Sixteen Miles distant by W aterfrom tlie Island oi'St. Simons 
(which is at the Mouth of the River) they soon raised convenient 
Huts 'till their Houses could be Built ; and the Town at their own 
desire was called Darien ; which Name still remains to the District, 
but the Town is since Named by them Neio-Inverness. 

On the 6th February 1735, the Embarkation under the Conduct 
of Mr. Oglethorpe, arri\ ed in Georgia, they were settled upon St. 
Simoji's Island, the Town called Frcderica was soon laid out, and 
the People were set to Work in Building their Houses. The 
Creek Indians who went thither upon Occasion of this new Set- 
tlement, agreed that the English should possess St. Simon's Island, 
with the Others contiguous to it : The Land of the Island is very 
fertile, chiefly Oak and Hickory, intermixed with Savannahs and 
old Indian Fields, and according to a Survey made of it, it is about 
Forty five Miles in Circumference. 

For a Communication between the Settlements in the Northern 
and Southern Parts of the Province by Land, a Road was soon 
afterwards opened. 

JVumber British. Foreign Pro- Men. 

The Persons sent on ) ''«'"''• testnnis. 

the Charity this i 470 whereof 341 and 129 and in 224 

Year were - - -) 
Those in the for- > 574 whereof 401 and 173 and in 239 

mer Years were 5 

The number of Per- ~^ 

sons sent in the I 

four Years to the J 1044 whereof 742 and 302 and in 463 

9Junel736wereJ 

The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Granted 
out in smaller Portions were Twenty Thousand Acres ; And in 
Trust for Religious Uses, to be cultivated, with the Money arising 
from Private Benefactions given for that Purpose, in order to 
settle a Provision upon a Clergyman at Savannah, a Catechist 
and a Schoolmaster, Three Hundred Acres. 

The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going on their own 
Expence were Nine Thousand Three Hundred Acres. 

The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament, 
was £.26,000, and in Benefactions 2,164/. I9s.6d.3q. whereof 
in South' Carolina 411/. Is. Id. Sq. the Amount in Sterling Mo- 



[-20 J 



ney and in England 1,753Z. 18s. 5c?. whereof die Trustees ap- 
lied 22,697/. 55. 5d. oq. of which they exhibited an account to the 
Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their Char- 
ter, and carried the Remainder into their succeeding Accompt. 



From the 9th June 1736, to the 9th June 1737. 

"O Or the Security of the People (who w ere settled the last Year 
•*■ on St. Simon'' s Island) and the Southern Part of the Province, 
several Forts were Built this Year, viz. 

One at Frederica, with Four regular Bastions and a Spur Work 
towards the River, and several Pieces of Cannon were mounted 
on it. 

About Ten Miles from Frederica a large Battery is Built 
commanding the Entrance into the Sound, where Ten or Twelve 
Forty Gun Ships may safely Ride, there being sufficient Water 
on the Bar called Jehyll for such Ships to go over, which Bar 
lies in 30d. 40m. and behind Jekyll Island there is Water and 
Room enough for Shipping for Ten Miles up. The Battery is 
enclosed within a strong Wall, and has a Guard-House within 
the Wall capable of holding Twenty four Men. 

Another Fort was Built on the Southwest Part of the Island of 
St. Peters (now called Cumberland) which lies m 30d. 30m, 
under which Fort, on which are Mounted several Pieces of Ord- 
nance pointed towards the River, all Sloops and Boats in the 
Inland Passage to this Island must come. Withm the Pallisade 
round the Fort there are fine Springs of Water, and there is a 
well Framed Timber Log House, Thirty Feet by Eighteen. 
with a Magazine under it both for Ammunition and Provisions. 
A Scout Boat is stationed at this Island. 

As these Precautions were taken for the Southern Part of the 
Province, Directions were given for a Fort to be Built for the 
Security of the Northern Part, by way of an Out-Guard against 
any Invasion by Land. This was at a Place called Augusta 
which has proved a very thriving Town, it being now the chief 
Place of Trade with the Indians, and were the Traders of both 
Provinces of South- Carolina and Georgia resort, from the 
Security they find there. Augusta is about Two Hundred and- 
Thirty Miles by Water from the Town of Savan7iah , and large Boats 
which carry about Nine Thousand Pounds Weight of Deer-skins 
can Navigate downa the River Savannah. The Town, which 
stands upon a high Ground near the River, is well Inhabited, and 
has several Warehouses in it furnished with Goods for the Indian 
Trade. A Road has been likewise made, so that Horsemen can 
now Riie from this Town to Savannah, as likewise to the 



[21] 

Cherokee Indians, who are situated above the Town of Augusta 
and Trade with it. A Garrison has been kept at this Fort at the 
Trustees Expence, 'till the Arrival of the Regiment his Majesty 
since Ordered lor the Defence of the Colony. 

Whilst these Dispositions were making for the Security of the 
Province, the Parliament gave Ten Thousand Founds this Year 
for the further Settling and Securmg the Colony ; but as the Ex- 
pences of the Forts and the Supplies which were sent for the 
Support of the Colony, were very great, and as many People in 
tiie r^orthern Part of the Province were as yet unable to subsist 
themselves, and out of Compassion to them and their Families a 
Store was still kept open for their subsistence, the Trustees sent 
over but iew Persons this Year. 

in tiie beginning of the Year 1737, the Spaniards at Augustine 
made Preparations for Attacking the Colony of Georgia ; they 
laid in Quantities of Corn and Provisions, bought up a great 
number of Fire Arms, and large Bodies of Regular Troops were 
sent thither from the Havamiah. 

The Lieutenant Governor of South- Carolina informed the 
Magistrates of Savannah of these Preparations ; This Advice and 
the frequent Alarms which were otherwise given, drew the People 
off from their Labour in the Sowing Season, and their Improve- 
ments in their Plantations were neglected, and they were obliged 
to make Preparations lor their Defence. 

At the same Time the Highlanders at Neiv-Inverness, who 
were exposed to Danger, Built a Fort there and Twelve Pieces 
of Cannon were mounted on it. 

Tho' the People at Savannah were not so immediately exposed 
to Oanger, they began to Build a large Fort at their Town of 
Pallisade Work with Bastions : But as the Trustees perceived 
this took off the People from their Cultivation, that the Work 
would be very Chargeable and they had not Money to support the 
Expence, they found themselves under a Necessity to put a stop 
thereto. 

J^'umber British. Foreiicn Pro- Men. 

The Persons sent on ) ^«»"- testants. 

the Charity this V 32 whereof 32 and and m 19 

Year were - - - j 
Those in the for- > 1044 whereof 742 and 302 and in 46-3 

mer Years were ^ 

The number of Per- ^ 

sons sent in the 1 

five Years to tiie { 1076 whereof 774 and 302 and In 482 



9 June 1737 were J ~~ 

The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Granted 
out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Three Thousand Acre'=, 



[22] 

and in Trust to be cukivated, with the Money arising from private 
Benefactions given for that Purpose, in order to raise a Mainten- 
ance for a Minister and Schoohnaster at Frederica, and other 
Religious Uses, Three Hundred Acres. 

The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going on their own 
Expence were Four Thousand Three Hundred Acres. 

The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parhament, 
was £ 10,000, and in Benefactions 3,627/. 18s. Id, whereof in 
South- Carolina the Amount in Sterhng Money 333/. 19^. M. and 
in England 3,2931. I9s. Id. which the Trustees apphed, as also 
part of their former Balance to the Sum of 17,239/. 19s. 5c?. of 
which they exhibited an Account to the Lord Chancellor, and 
Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their Charter, and carried the 
then Remainder to their succeeding Accompt. 

From the 9th June 1737, to the 9th Jime 1738. 

fl^ He Lieutenant Governor of South- Carolina having acquainted 
-*- the Trustees by a Letter dated from the Council Chamber the 
7th February 1736,7, that he had received Advice from Commo- 
dore Dent, of Preparations made by the Spaniards at Augustine 
and the Mavannah, in order to make an Attack on the Colony of 
Georgia, and the Trustees having in a * Memorial to his Majesty 
set forth the Inability of the Colony to Protect themselves against 
such a Force as was Preparing at the Havannah and Augustine, 
his Majesty was graciously pleased to order a Regiment of Six 
Hundred Effective Men to be raised and sent to Georgia for the 
Defence and Protection of it. 

And as an Encouragement for the Soldiers good Behaviour, the 
Trustees resolved to give each of them a Property in the Colony ; 
they therefore made a Grant of land in Trust for an Allotment of 
Five Acres of Land to each Soldier of the Regiment to Cultivate 
for his own Use and Benefit, and to Hold the same during his 
continuance in his Majesty's Service ; and for a further Encourage- 
ment, they resolved, that each Soldier, who at the end of Seven 
Years from the Time of his Inlisting in the Regiment, should be 
desirous of quitting his Majesty's Service, and should have his 
regular Discharge, and would settle in the Colony, should on his 
Commanding Officer's Certificate of his good Behaviour, be in- 
titled to a Grant of Twenty Acres of Land. 

The Parliament having taken into Consideration the great Ex- 
pences which the Trustees had been at in making Roads thro' 
the Province, and the several Fortifications in it, and the Presents 
made to the Indians to engage them firmer in the British Interest, 

• Appendix, No 7. 



[ 23 ] 

and likewise the Preparations which were making hy the Spaniardfi 
in order to take or destroy the Colony, and having Granted this 
Year a Sum of Twenty Thousand Pounds for the fuitlier Settling 
and securing the Colony, the Trustees made another Embarka- 
tion, which consisted chiefly of Persecuted German Protestants. 

J^amber British. Foreign Pro- . Men. 

The Persons sent on ^ *•'•'■ testmus. 

the Charity this > ^^^ whereof 135 and 163 and in 152 

Year were - - - ) 
Those in the for- > 1076 whereof 774 and 302 and in 482 

mer Years were ^ 

The number of Per- i 

sons sent in the I 

six Years to the [1374 whereof 909 and 465 and in 634 

9Junel738wereJ 

By Accounts received from the Colony before the End of this 
Year, there appear to have been One Thousand One Hundred and 
Ten Persons in Georgia, besides those at Tybee, Skidoivay Fort, 
Argyll, Thunderbolt and Augusta, in the Northern Part, and 
those at St. Andrews and Amelia in the Southern Part. 

The Lands Granted in Trust this Year in order to be Gianted 
out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Three Thousand Acres. 

The Lands Granted this Year to Persons going on their own 
Expence were One Thousand Acres. 

The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parlianj^nt 
was £20,000 and in Benefactions 909/. 195. lOd. 2q. whereof 
the Tmstees applied 18,870Z. 13s. 3^/. 2q. of which they exhibit- 
ed an Account to the Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, 
pursuant to their Charter, and carried the Remainder into their 
succeeding Acconipt. 

From the 9th June 1738, to the 9th June 1739. 

A S several Merchants and Captains of ShijDS had for their own 
-"^Interest carried into the Colony from Neiv-Yorlc and other 
Places, large Cargoes of Provisions, ^c. great part of which (to 
save the Merchants from Losses) was taken in at the Store 
without a proper Authority from the Trustees and an Expence 
created thereby which the Trustees could nor Estimate, norhavie 
Ability to Discharge, and for v>^liich certified Accounts were 
returned to them ; the Trustees published an Advertisement in the 
London Gazette, and Ordered it to be Published in the South- 
Carolina Gazette, and to be affixed upon the Doors of tlie Store- 
houses at Savannah and Frederica, 1'hat out of a due Regard to 
Publick Credit they had Resolved, that all Expences wliich they 
had Ordered or should Order to be Made in America for the use 



[^4j 

ol' the Colony, should be Defrayed and Paid for in Georgia, m 
Sola Bills of Exchange only, under their Seal ; and they gave 
Notice, that no Person whatsoever had any Authority from them, 
or in their Name, or for their Account, to purchase or receive any 
Cargoes of Provisions, Stores or Necessaries, without Paying for 
them in the said Sola Bills. 

Upon the Petition of one Abraham De Lyon, a Freeholder of 
iSavannah in Georgia, that he had expended a great Sum in the 
Cultivation of Vines, which he had carried from Portugal, and 
had brought to great Perfection ; and several Certificates being 
produced of his Improvements in Cultivating them, and of the 
Goodness of the Grapes, and of their Thriving in the most barren 
Lands of the Province, the Trustees assisted him to proceed in his 
improvements. 

The Security of the Colony being provided for by the Regiment 
sent over by his Majesty, the Parliament gave Eight Thousand 
Pounds for the further Settling the Colony. Therefore the 
Tmstees sent over an Estimate of all the Expences they allov^ed 
to be made in the Province, by which several Military Expences, 
which they had been engaged in for the Defence of the Colony, 
and which were very great, were reduced. 

The Trustees this Year sent over the Rev. Mr. Norris to 
reside at Frederica, with a Salary of jFi/5'^ Poim/fe a Year, Ordered 
a House to be Built for him, and another for the Inhabitants to 
perform Divine Service in 'till a Church could be Built there. 

The Assembly of South- Carolina having in the last Year 
passed an Ordinance for raising a Sum to indemnify their Traders 
in opposition to the Act which was approved of by his Majesty 
in Council for maintaining the Peace with the Indians in the Pro- 
vince of Georgia, upon a Memorial from the Tmstees complaining 
ofthe said Ordinance, and upon a Petition of the Council and 
Assembly of South- Carolina against the said Act, there was a 
solemn Hearing before the Lords Commissioners of Trade and 
Plantations, and afterwards before a Committee of the Lords of 
his Majesty's Privy Council ; Whereupon his Majesty was pleased 
to Order, that the said Ordinance of the Assembly of South- 
Carolina should be Repealed and declared Void, and was pleased 
to send an Instruction to the Trustees to prepare a proper Act or 
Ordinance for settling the Trade carried on by the Provinces of 
South- Carolina and Georgia v/'ith the Indians, on such a Footing 
as might be for the mutual Benefit and Satisfaction of both Provin- 
ces ; And his Majesty at the same Time was graciously pleased to 
give an Instmction to Samuel Horsey, Esq ; Governor and Lieu- 
tenant-General of South- Carolina, to Recommend to the Council 
and Assembly there to pass a Law for the like Purpose in that 
Province : But Samuel Horsey, Esq ; dying soon after, and no 



[ '25 1 

other Governor having since gone to South-Carolina, that Aflaii' 
remains unsettled. 

The Trustees immediately sent to Col. Oglethorpe a Copy of 
Jiis Majesty's Instructions, and desired that he would Consult with 
Lieutenant Governor Bull in South- Carolina, that Plans of 
proper Acts might be prepared and sent over to the Trustees for 
their Consideration, in order to answer the Purposes of his 
Majesty's Instructions, and that in the mean Time the Commis- 
sioners oi South- Carolina and the Commissioners of Georgia, 
might proceed in their respective Provinces in concert with each 
other to carry on a mutual Trade to the Indians in both Provinces. 

Mr. Stephens, Secretary in Georgia, having informed the 
Tmstees, that the Grand-Jury at Savannah claimed a Right of 
Administring Oaths, and making Enquiry thereon into all such 
Matters as they should think fit, and the Trustees having per- 
ceived that in a Representation of the said Grand-Jury they had 
pretended to such Right, sent a Letter to Mr. Stephens to acquaint 
jiim. That the Trustees were sensible great Mischiefs might be 
done by ill-designing Men who might procure themselves to be 
put upon the Panel, if this Claim of the Grand-Jury was allowed 
of, and therefore the Trustees ordered him to acquaint the People 
that the Grand-Jury had no such Right, and that their Claim was 
intirely illegal. 

As the Tmstees both by their Letters and Instructions to the 
Magistrates had constantly exhorted and encouraged the People 
to a Cultivation of their Lands on which they were to Depend for 
their Support, and as they found that many (as well of those 
whom they had sent over as Objects of Charity, as of others who 
at different Tunes had gone into the Colony from other Plantations 
for a Temporary Maintenance) still continued in their Idleness, 
and were a Burthen upon the Trust, they gave Orders for striking 
off the Store all such as having had Time to Cultivate their Lands 
had neglected it. This carried from the Colony many of those 
who had gone thither or joined it from any parts of America to gain 
a Subsistence for a Year or two, and of others who had not con- 
sidered the Hardships of attending the first Settlement of a Country, 
and were tired of their Labour. 

The Tmstees receiving an Account dated the 12th February 
1738 from their Secretary in the Province, of an Uneasiness 
amongst several Persons upon the Tenures of their Lots being 
confined to the Heirs Male, and they considering that the Colony 
had been for some Time Established, and the People grown more 
numerous, and a Regiment being stationed in it for it's Defence, 
whereby the former Tenures became less necessary, did on the 
15 March following, at their Anniversary Meeting, resolve, That 
in Defliult of Issue Male, any legal Possessor ofLand. might by 



[ 2G J 

a Deed in "Writing, or by his Last Will and Testament, appoirti 
bis Daughter as his Successor, or any other Male or Female 
Relation, with a Proviso, that the Successor should in the proper 
Court in Georgia, personally claim the Lot Granted or Devised 
within Eighteen Months after the Death of the Grantor or De- 
visor. 

This was soon after extended to every legal Possessor's being 
impowered to appoint any other Person to be his Successor. 

But whilst the Trustees were taking these steps for the 
Satisfaction of the People, and whilst those in the Southern Part 
of the Province (tho' exposed to greater Danger) were industrious 
and easy in their Settlements, many of those in the Northern Part, 
who had neglected the Cultivation of their Lands, drew up a 
* Representation dated the 9th Dec. 1738, setting forth the Want 
of a Fee Simple to their Lands ; and Negroes to cultivate them, 
but they were far from being seconded or supported by the People 
in the Southern Parts of the Province, in this Representation, 
who not only refused to Sign it, but f Petitioned the Tmstees 
against the Use of Negroes, setting forth the Danger they should be 
in from the Spaniards who had proclaimed Freedom to all Slaves 
who should resort to them, and that by this means they should be 
exposed to an Enemy without and a more dangerous one in their 
Bosoms. 

The Industrious Snltzburghers also at Ebenezer (who are in 
the Northern Part of the Province not far from Savannah) 
X Petitioned against Negroes, and set forth their Satisfaction and 
Happiness in their Settlement ; that they had raised in the last 
Season, more Rice, Pease, Potatoes, Pomkins, Cabbage, Corn, 
&fc. than was necessary for their Consumption, and that they 
did not find the Climate so Warm but that it was very tolerable 
for Working People. 

Number British. Foreign Pro- Men. 

The Persons sent on ^ ^«»'- testants. 

the Charity this [ i> whereof 2 and 7 and in 4 

Year were ) 

Those in the for- } 1374 whereof 909 and 465 and in 634 

mer Years were ^ ■ 

The number of Per- i 

sons sent in the ! 

seven Years were [1383 whereof 911 and 472 and in 638 

9 June 1739 were J 

The only Return from Georgia this Year, was an Account 
of the People at Savannah, who were One Hundred and Nine 
Freeholders, besides their Wives and Children, and besides 

* Appendix, No 8. t Appendix, No 9. J Appendix, ISo JO, 



[27] 

Inmates and Servants, of the latter of which there were a gl'eat 
Number, part of whose Passages were paid for in the next Year 
<jn Representations made to the Trustees lor that Purpose. 

The liands Granted in Trust this Year to be Cultivated for 
the Maintenance of an Orphan House in Georgia, were Five 
Hundred Acres. 

The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament, 
was £.8,000, and in Benefactions 473/. 9s. 4d. which the 
Trustees applied, as also part of their former Balance to the 
Amount of 10,347/. 45. Id. of which they exhibited an Account 
to the Lord Chancellor, and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to 
their Charter, and carried the then Remainder into their suc- 
ceeding Accompt. 



From the 9th June 1739, to the 9th June 1740. 

A T the Time that some of the People at Savannah were so 
■^^ clamorous for Negroes (for Seventy five Land and Freeholders 
of whom Fifty two were Freeholders, did not apply for them) 
the Province of South- Carolina was under frequent Alarms on 
account of their Negroes there. They had Intelligence that a 
Conspiracy was formed by the Negroes in Carolina to Rise and 
forcibly make their Way out of the Province, to put themselves 
under the Protection of the Spaniards; who had proclaimed 
Freedom to all who should run away to them from their Owners. 
That this Conspiracy was discovered at Winyar the most Northern 
Part of that Province, from whence as tlie Negroes must bend 
their Course, it argued thattlie other Parts of the Province must 
be Privy to it, and that the Rising was to be universal. Whereupon 
the whole Province was upon their Guard ; the number of Negroes 
in South- Carolinahe'mg computed to be about Forty Thousand, 
and the number of White Men at most not above Five Thousand. 
As several Negroes who were employed in Periaguas and other 
like Craft (which they carried off with them) h.ad taken the 
Benefit of the Spaniards Proclamation and gone to Augustine, 
the Government of South- Carolina sent a solemn Deputation to 
Demand their Slaves ; This Deputation consisted of Mr. Brath- 
waite a Member of the Council, Mr. Rutlidge one of the As- 
sembly, and Mr. Amian Clerk of the Assembly ; But the Go- 
vernor of Augustine tho' in Tiine of profound Peace, peremptorily 
refused to deliver them up, and declared he had Orders to receiv^e 
all such as should come there and protect them. 

Upon this, and the Petition which was sent from the High- 
landei-s at Darien, and the Saltzburghers at Ebenezer, representing 
tjie Danger and Inconvenience of the Introduction of Negroes, the 



• 
Trustees sent under their Seal * Answer to tlie Representation of 
some of the Inhabitants of Savannah. 

Among the Persons to whom Grants of Lund were made hi 
order to their settling at their own Expence in the Colony, some 
ncA^erwent over ; others were Gentleman of Carolina who neglect- 
ed to take up their Lands, or even desire to have them laid out ; 
and others who quitted their Plantations, and went to reside at 
Savannah as Shop-keepers. One INIan in particular an Apothecary 
Surgeon, from the beginning neglected his Grant and followed his 
Practice in the Town ; another quitted his Plantation and betook 
himself to Selling of Rum : To these Two almost all the Town of 
Savannah were Indebted for Physick or Rum, and they first raised 
the Clamour that Lands might be alienable, and Negroes admitted, 
which would have made them Possessors of the chief Part of the 
Lots. To these some others who had gone at their own Expence, 
and had employed their Covenanted Servants on their Plantations 
joined themselves, taking their Servants from their Labour and 
letting them out to Hire in the Town for the sake of an immediate 
Profit, on which they lived in an idle and riotous manner ; and even 
at the Time when their Servants were taken off from their propei- 
Labour in their Plantations, they fomented the Clamour foi- 
Negroes in order to carry them on : The Spirit of Idleness which 
was very early introduced in the Town, man)'" of the People were 
too ready to follow ; constant Clubs have been held, and Horse 
Races kept up by them to amuse and divert the People from their 
Labour : And Delinquents (who have insulted the Laws even in 
the Courts of Justice and declared they would do their utmost to 
destroy the Colony) have when committed to Prison been abetted 
and supported by them. By these the beforementioned Repre- 
sentation was formed, and many of the People by their own In- 
clination to Idleness, by the Power the others had over them as 
Creditors, and by Hopes being given them that if they stuck 
together the Trustees must grant them Negroes, or see the Colony 
abandoned, were thus drav\m in to Sign the same, in which they in 
a manner Demanded the Permission of Negroes and an Alteration 
of their Tenures. 

The Trustees to make all the People as Easy and Contented 
as they could, published an Advertisement in \he London Gazette 
the 8th Stptember 1739, and other Papers, which was continued 
for several Days, and ordered it to be Published in the South- 
Carolina Gazette, that they had resolved to enlarge their Grants 
on Failure of Issue Male, and to make a Provision for the Widows 
of the Grantees in the following manner, viz. That the Lands 
already Granted should on Failure of Issue Male descend to the 

* Appeii'liK, No n. 



[*29 1 

Daughters of such Grantees, and in case there should be no Issue 
Male or Female, that the Grantee might Devise such Lands, and 
for want of such Devise that such Lands should Descend to their 
Heirs at Law ; with a Proviso that the Possession of the Person 
who should enjoy such Devise should not be increased to more 
than Five Hundred Acres, and that the Widows of the Grantees 
should Hold and Enjoy the Dvvellmg-House, Garden, and one 
Moiety of the Lands their Husbands should Die seized of for and 
during the Term of their Lives. 

The Trustees directed in the Advertisement, that those who in- 
tended to have the Benefit given them should enter their respec- 
tive Clainrs, in order that proper Grants and Conveyances in the 
Law might be forthwith prepared and executed for that purpose ; 
and that no Fee or Reward was to be taken for the entering of 
any such Claim directly or hidirectly by any Person or Persons 
whatsoever. 

In the Month o( August 1739, the Tmstees received Advice 
from General Oglethorpe, That he had frequent Intelligence of 
the Spaniards endeavouring to Bribe the Indians and particular 
the Creek Nation into a Rupture with the English, which made 
it necessary for him to go to the General Assembly of the Indian 
Nations at the Coweta-Toivii about Five Hundred Miles distant 
from Frcderica, in order to prevent such Designs and Seditions 
among them, and that he had been obliged to buy Horses and 
Presents to carry up to this Meeting, where the Choctaws (who 
are upon the Frontiers between the English and French Settle- 
ments) and the Chickcsaivs were to send their Deputies. 

This Journey of General Oglethorpeh has since appeared to 
be of great Service to the Publick ; for on the 26 August 1739, 
Mr. Stephens received an Express from Col. Bull Lieutenant 
Governor o( South- Carolina, thnt he had Intelligence from Lieu- 
tenant Governor Clarke of New- York concerning the French 
Marching fi-om Mont-Real near Qtieheck with a Body of about 
Two Hundred Regular Troops and Five Hundred Indians, who 
were to be re-inforced by French and Indians in their Journey : 
That this Army was designed against the Indians in Friendship 
with his Britamiick: M^jesiy^s Subjects of Carolina nnd Georgia 
who are situated near some Branches of the Mississippi River. 
Col, Bull added, that he should immediately dispatch an Express 
to the Creek-Nations with Advice to General Oglethorpe of the 
Contents of Lieutenant Governor Clarke'^ Letter, and that it was 
necessary that both the Provinces of Carolina and Georgia should 
be on their Guard, tho' if the Creek Indians should prove True 
(he Danger would not be great ; General Oglethorpe by his 
Treaties with the Indians in this Journey has confirmed them in 
the British Interest, and made a new Treaty with them whereby 



[30] 

iheir Ibnner Concession of Lands to Great-Britain was confirmed 
and Extended. 

A parcel of Raw Silk was brought this Year from Georgia by 
one Mr. Samuel Augspourgmr , who made an Affidavit before a 
Master in Chancery, that he received it from the Hands of Mr. 
Thomas Jones the Trustees Store-keeper at Savannah, who told 
him it was tlie Produce of Georgia, and the said Samuel Augs- 
pourguer who resided in the Southern Part of the Province said, 
That, when at Savannah, he saw the Italian Family there winding 
off Silk from the Coquos. 

The Silk was shewed at the Tmstees Office to Mr. John Zachary 
an eminent Raw Silk Merchant, and Mr. Booth one of the great- 
est Silk Weaver i in England, who declared it was as fine as any 
Italian Silk, and that it was worth at least Twenty Shillings a 
Pound. 

This Mr. Samuel Augspourguer who joined the Colony in the 
Year 1736, left it in July 1739, with two Men Servants and their 
Children on his Plantation, and came over to obtain a Grant of 
Five Hundred Acres of Land, and to get some of his own Coun- 
tryman from the Canton of Beam in Sioitzerland to go with him 
as Servants on his Return to Georgia in order to proceed more 
effectually in the Cultivation of his Lands. 

Kumher Bnlisk. Fcreign Pro- Men. 

The Person whose Pas- ^ ^ent. ustauis. 

sages were Paid for > 138 whereof 4 and 134 and in 49 

on the Charity were ) 
The persons sent on the ^ 

Charity in the for- > 1383 whereof 911 and 472 and in 638 

mer Years were ) 

The number of Per-^ 

sons sent in the eight ! 

Years to the 9//t f 1521 whereof 915 and 606 and in 687 



June 1740, 



The Lands Granted this Year to be Cultivated at the Expence 
of the Incorporated Society in Scotland for promoting Christian 
Knowledge in order to raise a Maintenance for the Scots Minister 
at New-Inverness in Georgia were Three Hundred Acres. 

The Lands Granted this Year to be Cultivated by a Person at 
his own Expence v^ere Five Hundred Acres. 

The Lands Granted in Trust in the said Eight Years in order 
to be Granted out in smaller Portions in Georgia were Forty one 
Thousand Six Hundred Acres ; to be Cultivated for Religious 
Uses were Nine Hundred Acres, and to be Cultivated for the 
Maintenance of an Orphan House were Five Hundred Acres. 

The Lands Granted in the said Eight Years to Persons who were 
to Cultivate them at their own Expence were Twenty seven 
Thousand One Hundred and Eighty five Acres. 



[81] 

The Money received this Year pursuant to Act of Parliament 
\vas £.20,000 and in Benefactions 181/. 4s. 3(/. 2*7. whereof in 
South' Carolina the amount in Sterhng Money 86/. Qs. \\d. 2q. 
and in England 94/, 17s. Ad. whereof the Trustees apphed 
16,614/. 2s. bd. 2q. of which they exhibited an Account to the 
Lord Chancellor, and the Lord Chief Justice of the Court of 
Kini:5's Bench, pursuant to their Charter, and the Remainder of 
all the Money they ever received being 5917/. 7s. Id. will be 
carried into their succeeding Accompt. 



From the 9th June 1740, to the present Time. 

TF^He Trustees this Year took llirther Methods for the Satisfaction 
-*- of the People in the Province, they extended the Tenures 
be which a Daughter of a Grantee, or any other Person, was made 
capable of enjoying by Devise or Inheritance, any quantity of 
Lands which did not increase her or his Possession to more than 
Two Thousand Acres. 

A Licence was likewise Granted to all the present Possessors 
of land in Georgia, to make Leases of any Parts of their Lots for 
any Term not exceeding Three Years to any Person residing in 
Georgia and who should reside there during the Term of such 
Lease. 

A general Release was likewise passed by which no Advantage 
was to be taken against any of the present Possessors of Land in 
Georff-ia for any Forfeitures incurred at any Time before Cliristmas 
1740, in relation either to the Tenure or Cultivation of Lands, 
and the Possessors of Fifty Acres of land were not obliged to 
cultivate more than Five Acres thereof in Ten Years from their 
Grants, and those under Fifty Acres in proportion : And the 
Possessors of Five Hundred Acres of Land were not obliged to 
cultivate more than One Hundred and Twenty Acres thereof in 
Twenty Years from their Grants, and those of under Five Hundred 
Acres and above Fifty Acres in proporation in order to prevent 
any Forfeitures for want of Cultivating the Quantities required. 

Under these Circumstances it is presumed that no Complaint 
can now with Reason be made against the Tenure by which the 
Inhabitants at this Tune hold their Lands, since they have more 
Power than is Generally given by Marriage Settlements in which 
the Grantees are only Tenants for Life, incajiable of Mortgaging 
or Aliening or making any Disposition by their Last Will, whereas 
the Freeholders in Georgia are now become Tenants in Tail- 
General, and may with the Licence of the Common Council of 
the said Tmstees upon Application made to them for that purpose, 
Mortgage or Alien, ancl further without that Licence have it 
absolutely in their Power on Failure of Issue in Tail to dispose 
thereof by their Last Will. 



[32] 

By an Account received from the Secretary in the Province it 
appears, that on the 1st ^!/^-wsM740, about Seventy Freeholders 
of the Northern Part of the Province, dehvered in the Town Court 
of Savamiah their Claims of Lots under the Tenures which were 
Advertized the last Year in the South- Carolina and London 
Gazettes. 

That on the 15th of the same Month, as many or more appeared 
in the said Town Court of the said Occasion, and that on the 27th 
of the same Month divers more delivered in their Claims likewise. 
The Trustees are informed by their Secretary in the Province, 
that in pursuance of their Orders he had just finished an authentical 
Account of the State of the Colony with respect to the Number 
of Inhabitants in the several Towns and Villages, the Number of 
Houses and the Settlements made, the Progress which the several 
People had made in the Cultivation of their Lands, and their 
Ability or Inability to support themselves, and in case were the 
last appeared the Reason of it; the Proportions of the different 
sorts of Soil as near as could be computed, and an Account of the 
several Produces which by Experience or Appearance could or 
might be raised for trade. And the Trustees are daily in expec- 
tation of receiving from him the said Account. But by the several 
Accounts before received they are enabled to give, though an 
imperfect one, the following State of the Settlements, viz. 

The Town of Savmmah is about Ten Miles up the River 
Savannah, were are (besides Warehouses and Huts) at least One 
Hundred and Thirty Houses in the Town ; as these for the sake 
of Air, and to prevent the spreading of any Fire, are Built at some 
Distance from each other, they make several spacious Squares 
and wide Streets. There is a regular Magistracy settled in the 
Town, which the Trustees are obliged to be at the Expence of 
Supporting, 'till the Colony arrives at sufficient Strength to do it. 
There are in the Town a Court-House, a Store-House, a Goal, 
a House for the Trust Servants, a Wharf, a Guard-House and 
soine other Publick Buildings; a Church is at present Building and 
a Clergyman is settled there. The Town is excellently situated 
for Trade, the Navigation of the River being very secure and 
Ships of Three Hundred Tons can lie within Six Yards of the 
Town and the Worm does not Eat them. 

About Four Miles from Savannah, inland from the River, are 
the Two Villages Highgate and Hampstcad, which lie at about 
a Mile distant from each other; The People settled there apply 
themsel ves chiefly to Gai'dening, and supply the Town of Savan- 
nah with quantities of Greens and Garden stuff. 

By the Account of Mr. Thomas Stephens, who at his Father's 
request was sent over to assist him in his Business of Secretary 
in the Province and continued with hhn there some short Time, 
he states, that there are Twenty Plantations within Twenty Miles 



[33] 

round Savannah, which have each of them lioin Five to Tiiirty 
Acres of Land Cleared. 

About Fifteen Miles from Savannah is a Village called Abcrcorn ; 
about Twenty Miles further up the River is the Town of Ebenczer 
were the Saltzburghers are settled with Two Ministers, one oi' 
whom computed that the Number of his Congrep;ation in June 
1738 consisted of One Hundred and Forty six. Therefore as the 
Infants could not be reckoned in the Computation, and as Seven 
more have since been sent and settled with them, it is believed 
the Number has been increased ; especially since the Town is so 
Healthy that by a Letter sent to the Society for Propagating 
Christain Knowledge by the Rev. Mr. Bolzius one of the Ministers 
at Ebcnezcr, dated the 26 June 1740, he declared, That in a 
Year's Time one Person only had died, which was a Child of 
Four Years old. The People are Industrious and Sober, they 
raise not only a sufficient quantity of Corn and other Produces for 
their own Subsistence, but they sell great quantities to those at 
Savannah who have not been so careful of their own Plantations ; 
they have great Herds of Cattle, and are in so Thriving a Condition 
that not one Person has abandoned his Settlement, or sent over 
the least Complaint about the Tenures or the Want of Negroes. 
On the contrary they in a Body Petitioned against the use of 
Negroes, and their Ministers have declared, that their Signing that 
Petition was a voluntary Act ; And at their desire another Em- 
barkation of their Countrymen, w"ho are willing to go from Germany 
and join them, is designed to be sent with all convenient speed. 

About Ten Miles from hence, and upon a River running into 
Savannah is a Place called Old Ebenezer were is a Cow-pen 
and a great number of Cattle for the use of the Publick and for 
Breeding. 

At a considerable distance from hence is the Town of Augusta 
before described, which with the great resort of Traders and Indians, 
is in a thriving Condition, and is and will be a great Protection to 
both the Provinces of Carolina and Georgia against any Designs 
of the French. 

In the Southern Part of the Province is the Town of Neiv 
Inverness upon the River Alatamaha where the Highlanders are 
settled. 

And about Twenty Miles from hence on the Island of *S'^ 
Simons near the Sea is the Town of Frederica with a regular 
Magistracy, as at Savannah, supported at the Expence of the 
Trust ; strong Fortifications round the Town are almost finished, 
and at the South East Point of the Island are Barracks for Three 
Hundred and Thirty Men. 

There are Settlements on the Islands of JeJcyll and Cumberland 
which lie at a small distance from each other to the Southward of 
Frederica, and on the last Two Forts are Built, one of which 



[34] 

was described before, and the other was finished in April 1740 
upon the South End of the Island. It commands the Inlet of 
Amelia Sound, is strongly Pallisaded with Flankers, and is De- 
fended by Eight Pieces of Cannon. 

Barracks are Built upon this Island for Two Hundred and Twen- 
ty Men with Storehouses, which were finished in October 1738. 

There are Six Forts in the Province, and a Battery of Cannon 
erected to secure the Harbour of St. iSimons, under which Ships 
may safely he. 

The Indians, from the Presents which they have Annually 
received from the Trustees, and from the Justice and Humanity 
with which they have been treated, are secured in the British 
Interest, notwithstanding the Arts both of the French and the 
Spaniards to seduce them : By this South- Cai-olina has been free 
from those Wars, in which (as the Preamble of his Majesty's 
Charter sets forth) they had frequently suffered, and so late as in 
the Year 1715 had been laid almost Wast with Fire and Sword, 
and by the Security which South- Carolina received by such a 
Frontier as Georgia is to it, very large Tracts of Land have been 
Cultivated in the Southern Part of that Province, which no Person 
would venture to settle on before, and 'a great quantity of Rice 
raised thereon. 

As the People in Georgia sent on the Charity were supported 
to enable them to raise their own Provisions in the first Place on 
the Lands they sliould Clear, and to convert the Timber they 
should cut down in Clearing those Lands into Lumber, which 
they might to their great Advantage Transport to the Sugar Col- 
onies, and further to raise Silk, Wine and Oil, for which the 
Climate was very proper, it was hoped from thence they w'ould 
gain a comfortable Subsistence, and be of service to their Mother 
Country in raising such Produces, which at prevent are purchased 
from Foreigners with Ready Money. 

Having thus stated the Plan laid down for the Trustees by his 
Majesty's Charter, the several steps taken by them for the Exe- 
cution of that Plan, with their Yearly Progress therein, the several 
Obstructions from unforeseen Accidents which have checked that 
Progress, with the present Condition of the Colony, according to 
the latest and most authentick Accounts from thence, they submit 
the whole to the Wisdom of this Honourable House, being intirely 
disposed to follow any Directions that shall flow from thence. 
And as they have no other View but the Service of their Country, 
by making this Colony as useful to the Interest of Great-Britain, 
as by it's Situation and Climate it's capable of being, they heartily 
with the Trust in abler Hands that those important Services might 
not be defeated thro' their Inability. 

By Order of the Trustees, 

Benj. Martyn, Secretary. 



APPENDIX. 



J\*iimher i. 

To the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of GEORGIA. 
Gentlem€7i, 

N Writing this Answer to a Letter I had the Honour to 
receive from you, dated the 29^/t Instant, wherein you desire 
to know my Sentiments of an Undertaking to raise Raw 
Silk in your new Settlement in Georgia; of the Probability 
of succeeding therein ; the proper steps to be taken to bring that 
Work to Perfection, and my Opinion of the Nature, Quality and 
Use of the Raw Silk produced in Carolina : It is a great Pleasure 
to me, that from Experiments which 1 made some Years ago, I 
can now besides my Opinion, give you some Information concern- 
ing that Silk which may be depended upon. 

The Value and Usefulness of the Undertaking will appear as 
soon as we consider that all the Silk consumed in this Kingdom, 
is now of foreign Growth and Manufacture, which Costs the 
Nation very great Sums of Money Yearly to purchase ; and that 
the raising our Supply thereof in his Majesty's Dominions in 
America would save us all that Money, afford Employment to 
many Thousands of his Majesty's Subjects, and greatly increase 
the Trade and Navigation of Great-Britain. 

It appears to me as Beneficial to the Kingdom, attended with 
as little Hazard or Difficulty, as much Wanted, and which may 
as soon be brought to Perfection in a proper Climate as any Un- 
dertaking so Considerable in itself, that I ever heard of. I therefore^ 
think that there is a very great Probability of it's succeeding, ii 
such proper Methods are pursued, and such Assistance afforded 
to the poor People at their first setting out, as are necessary to 
Settle, Instruct and Encourage them. 

The Silk produced in Carolina has as much natural Strength 
and Beauty as the Silk of Italy (which is commonly called fine 
Silk) and lay the several Experiments I have tried with it, I am 
satisfied that it might be made to answer the same Purposes that 
Italian Silk now does, if it be reeled in short Skains, a fine clean 
and even Thread: To effect which if some experienced Persons 
are at first sent to Teach tlie People, the Work Avill soon be made 

V 



[36] 

easy to the meanest Capacity, and the value of the Silk will be 
thereby greatly increased. 

As tor my own Part, if at any Time you should think I can be 
of use to promote so good a Work, I shall be ready to execute 
your Commands as far as 1 am able; and always remain, 

Gentlemen, 
Your most Obedient, 
Humble Servant, 
Old Jaorij, Jan. 3 1 , 1732. Tho. Lomhe. 



JS*uviber 2. 

Extract of a Letter from South-Carolina Gazette dated at 
Charles-Town, 22d. March 1732. 
^N Tuesday the 13th Instant I went on Board a Canoa in 
^-'Company with Mr. Geo. Ducat and Mr. John Balantine, with 
Four Negroes, and about 10 o'Clock we set out from Mr. Lloyd's 
Bridge for Georgia, and passing by Port-Royal on Wednesday 
Night, we arrived on Friday Morning an Hour before Day at 
Yamacraw a Place so called by the Indians, but now Savannah 
in the Colony of Georgia. Sometime before we came to the 
Landing the Centinel challenged us, and understanding who we 
were, admitted us on Shore. This is a very high Bluff Forty 
Feet perpendicular from High Water Mark: it lies according to 
Capt. Gascoigne's Observation in the Latitude of 31d. 58m. 
which he took off Tybee an Island that lies at the Mouth of the 
Savannah River. It is distant from Charlestoirn S. W. according 
to Course and Windings of tlie Rivers and Creeks about 140 
Miles, but by a Direct Course 77, allowing Suilliva7}t's Island to 
be in the Latitude of 32d. 47 m. from Augustine N. E. and by 
E. about 140 Miles, and by the Course of the Rivers is distant 
from i^oA' Moore 300 Miles, but upon a direct Line but 115 
Miles N. W. and by W. This Bluff is distant 10 Miles from the 
Mouth of the Rivers on the South side, and Purrysburgh is 24 
Miles above it on the North, and is so situated that you have a 
beautifiil Prospect both up and down the River. It is very sandy 
and barren and consequently a wholsome Place for a Town or 
City. There are on it 130 odd Souls, and from the Time they 
Embarked from London to the Time I left the Place, there Died 
but two sucking Children and them at Sea. When they arrived 
there was standing on it a great quantity of the best sort of Pine, 
most of which is already cut down on the spot were the Town is 
laid out to be Built. The Land is barren about a Mile back, 
when you come into very rich Ground ; and on both sides within 
a quarter of a Mile of the Town is choice good Planting Land. 



[37j 

Col. BuU told me that he- had been Seven Miles back and found 
it extraordinary good. 

Mr. Oglethorpe is indefatigable, takes a great deal of Pains, 
his Fare is but indifferent having little else at present but Salt 
Provisions. He is extreamly well beloved by all his People, the 
general Title they give him is Father. If any of them is Sick he 
immediately Visits them and takes a great deal of Care of them. 
If any Difference arises he is the Person that decides it. Two 
happened while I was there and in my Presence, and all the 
Parties went away to outward appearance Satisfied and Contented 
with his Determination. He keeps a strict Discipline, I never 
saw one of his People Drunk nor heard one of them Swear, all 
the Time I was there : He does not allow them Rum but in lieu 
gives tiiem English Beer: It is surprizing to see how Chearful 
the Men go to Work considering they have not been bred to it ; 
There are no Idlers there even the Boys and Girls do their Parts. 
There are Four Houses already up but none finished, and he 
hopes when he has got more Sawyers, w^hich I suppose he will 
have in a short Time, to finish Two Houses a Week. He has 
ploughed up some Land, part of which he has sowed with Wheat, 
which is come up and looks promising. He has Two or Three 
Gardens which he has sowed with divers sorts of Seeds, and 
planted Thyme and other sort of Pot-herbs, Sage, Leeks, Skel- 
lions, Celeri, Liquorice, ^c. and several sorts of Trees. He was 
PalHsading the Town round including some part of the Common, 
which I do suppose may be finished in about a Fortnight's Time, 
In short he has done a vast deal of Work for the Time, and 1 
think his Name justly deserves to be immortaliz''d. 

Mr. Oglethorpe has with him Sir Walter Rawleigh's Avritten 
Journal, and by the Latitude of the Place, the Marks and Tradi- 
tions of the I/uliatis, it is the very first Place where he first went 
on shore, and talked with the Indians, and was the first Englishman 
they ever saw ; and about half a Mile from Savannah is a high 
Mount of Eartli under which lies their Chief King: And the In- 
dians informed Mr. Oglethorpe that their King desired before he 
died, that he might be Buried on the Spot were he talked with 
that great good Man.^ 

The River Water is very good, and Mr. 0^/c?'//orpc has proved 
it several ways, and thinks it as good as the River of Thames. 
On Monday the 19^/t we took our Leave of Mr. Oglethorpe at 
Nine o'Clock in the Morning, and Embark'd for Charlestown ; 
and when we set off he was pleased to Honour us with a Volley 
of Small Arms and the Discharge of Five Cannon : And coming 
down the Rivers we found the Water perfectly Fresh Six Miles 
below tlie Town, and saw Six or Seven large Sturgeon leap, Vvith 
which Fish that River abounds, as also witii Trout, Perch, Cat 



[38] 

and Rock Fish, <^-c. and in the Winter Season there is variety oi 
Wild Fowl, especially Turkeys, some of them weighing Thirty 
Pounds, and abundance of Deer. 



JS*iLmber 3. 

Rules for the Year 1735. 

nn He Trustees intend this Year to lay out a County and Build 
-■■ a new Toavu in Georgia. 

They will give to such Persons as they send upon the Charity, 
viz. 

To every Man, A Watchcoat, 

A Musquet and Bayonet to those who have 

them not of their own. 
An Hatchet, 
An Hammer, 
x\n Hand-saw 
A Shod Shovel or Spade, 
A broad Hoe, 
A narrow Hoe, 
A Gimlet, 
A Drawing Knife, 
And there will be a Publick Grindstone to 

each Ward or Village. 
He will also have an Iron Pot and a pair of 

Pot-hooks, 
And a Frying Pan. 
And for his Maintenance in the Colony for one Year he will 
have, 

300 Pounds of Beef or Pork, 
114 Pounds of Rice, 
114 Pounds of Pease, 
114 Pounds of Flour, 
44 Gallons of Strong Beer, 
64 Quarts of Molasses for Brewing Beer. 
18 Pounds of Cheese, 
9 Pounds of Butter, 
9 Ounces of Spice, 
9 Pounds of Sugar, 
5 Gallons of Vinegar, 
30 Pounds of Salt, 

12 Quarts of Lamp Oil &t a Pound of spun 
Cotton, And 12 Pounds of Soap. 
And to the Mothers, Wives, Sisters or Children of such Men. 



To be delivered in 
such proportions 
and at such times <; 
as the Trust shall 
think proper. 



To be delivered <; 
as above. 



[39 J 

Provision will be given in the Colony for One Year in the follow- 
ing manner, viz. 

To each Head of them, that is to say to every Peison of the 
Age of Twelve Years and upwards, viz. 

'300 Pounds of Beef or Pork. 
1 14 Pounds of Rice, 
114 Pounds of Pease, 
114 Pounds of Flour, 
64 Quarts of Molasses for Brewing Beer. 
18 Pounds of Cheese, 
9 Pounds of Butter, 
9 Ounces of Spice, 
9 Pounds of Sugar, 

5 Gallons of Vinegar, 
30 Pounds of Salt, 

6 Quarts of Lamp Oil and half a Pounfl 
of spun Cotton, 

And 12 Pounds of Soap. 

And for every Person above the Age of Seven, and under the 
Age of Twelve, Half the said Allowance, being esteemed Half 
an Head. 

And for every Person above the Age of Two and under the 
Ago of Seven, one Third of the said Allowance, being esteemed 
one Third of an Head. 

The Tmstees pay their Passage from England to Georgia. 
and in the Voyage they will have the following Provisions, viz. 
In every Week Four Beef Days, Two Pork Days, and one Fish 
Day, and their Allowance served out daily as follows : That is to sh a . 

On the Four Beef Days, 
Four Pounds of Beef for every Mess of Five Heads, 
And Two Pounds and an half of Flour, 
And half a Pound of Suet or Plumbs. 

On the Two Pork Days, 

Five Pounds of Pork }n r-- tt j 

A jTt T>- , n ir fo > lor every 1^ ive Heads. 
And 1 wo rints and hali of rease 5 

^nd on the Fish Day, 

Two Pounds and half of Fish > ^ r- tr i 

A J I ir r> 1 r t» .. Mor every h ive Heads. 
And halt a round ot Butter ) 

The whole at Sixteen Ounces to the Pound, 

And allow each Head Seven Pounds of Broad of Fourteen 

Ounces to the Pound, by the Week. 

And Three Pints of Beer and Two Quarts of Water (whereof 

one of the Quarts for Drinking and the other for Boiling Victuals) 

each Head by the Day for the space of a Month ; and a Gallon 

of Water (whereof Two Quarts for Drinking and the other Two 



i '10 \ 

for Boiling- Victuals) eacli Head by the Day alter during tlieii 
being on the Passage. 

The Heads to be accounted in this manner. Every Person 
above the Age of Twelve Years to be accounted a whole Head. 
All Persons of the Age of Seven Years and under the Age ol 
Twelve Years to be accounted Two for One. All Persons above 
the Age of Two Years and under the Age of Seven Years to be 
accounted Three for One ; and any Person under the Age of Two 
Years is not to be accounted. 

And the said Persons are to enter into the following Covenants 
before their Embarkation, viz. 

That they will repair on Board such Ship as shall be provided 
for Carrying them to the Province of Georgia, and during the 
Voyage, will Quietly, Soberly and Obediently demean themselves, 
and go to such Place in the said Province of Georgia, and there 
obey all such Orders as shall be given for the better Settling, 
Establishing and Governing the said Colony. 

And that for the first Twelve Months from their Landing in the 
said Province of Georgia, they will Work and Labour in Clearing 
their Lands, making Habitations, and necessary Defences, and in 
all other Works for the common Good and publick Weal of the 
said Colony, at such Times, in sucli Manner, and according to 
such Plan and Directions as shall be given. 

And that they from and after the Expiration of the said last men- 
tioned Twelve Months, will, during the Two next succeeding 
Years, abide, settle and inhabit in the said Province of Georgia, 
and Cultivate the Lands which shall be to them and their Heirs 
Male severally allotted and given, by all such Ways and Means 
as according to their several Abilities and Skills they shall be best 
Able and Capable. 

And such Persons are to be settled in the said Colony, either 
in new Towns or new Villages. 

Those in the Towns will have each of them a Lot Sixty Feet 
in Front and Ninety Feet in Depth, whereon they are to Build an 
House, and as much Land in the Country as in the whole will 
make up Fifty Acres. 

Those in the Villages will each of them have a Lot of Fifty 
Acres, which is to lie all together, and they are to Build their 
Houses upon it. 

All Lots are Granted in Tail Male and Descend to the Heirs 
Male of their Bodies for ever: And in Case of Failure of Issue 
Male Revert to the Trust, to be Granted again to such Persons as 
the Common Council of the said Trustees shall think most for the 
Advantage of the Colony. And they will have a special regard 
to the Daughters of Freeholders, who have made Improvements 
on their Lots, not already provided for by having Married, or 



I 41 ] 

Marrying Persons in Possession or intitled to Lands in the Pro- 
vince of Georgia in Possession or Remainder. 

All Lots are to be preserved separate and undivided, and cannot 
be united, in order to keep up a Number of Men equal to the 
Number of Lots, for the better Defence and Support of the Colony. 
No Person can Lease out his House or Lot to another without 
[jicence for that Purpose, that the Colony may not be ruined by 
Absentees Receiving and Spending their Rents elsewhere, iheie- 
fore each Man must cultivate the same by himself or Servants. 

And no Person can Alienate his Land or any part, or any 
TeiTO, Estate or Interest therein, to any other Person or Persons, 
without special Licence for that Purpose, to prevent the uniting 
or dividing the Lots. 

If any of the Land so Granted, should not be Cultivated, Plant- 
ed, Cleared, Improved or Fenced with a Worm Fence or Pales 
six Feet High, during the space of^rfTen Years horn the Date ot 
the Grant, then every part thereof not Cultivated, Planted Cleared, 
Improved or Fenced as aforesaid, shall belong to the Trust, and 
the Grant as to such parts shall be void. 

There is reserved for the support of the Colony, a Rent Charge 
for ever, of Two Shillings Sterling Money for each Fifty Acres ; 
the Payment of which is not to Commence 'till Ten Years after 
the Grant. 

And the Reversion or Remainder expectant on the Demise of 
such Persons without Issue Male, shall remain to the Trust. 

But the Wives of the Freeholders in case they should Survive 
their Husbands, are during their Lives intitled to the Mansion 
House and one half of the Lands Improved by their Husbands, 
that is to say, inclosed with a Fence of Six Feet High. 

All Forfeitures for Non-Residence, High Treason, Felonies, 
&fc. are to the Trustees for the Use of the Colony. 

Negroes and Rum are Prohibited to be used in the said Colony, 
and Trade with the Indians, unless Licensed. 

None are to have the Benefit of being sent upon the Charity 
in the manner above-mentioned, but, 

1 . Such as are in Decayed Circumstances, and thereby disabled 
from following any Business in England, and who if in Debt, 
must have leave from their Creditors to go. 

2. Such as have Numerous Families of Children if Assisted by 
their respective Parishes, and Recommended by the Minister, 
Church-Wardens and Overseers thereof. 

The Trustees do expect to have a good Character of the said 
Persons given, because no Dmnkards or other notoriously vicious 
Persons will be taken. 

And for the better to Enable the said Persons to Build the new 
Town, and Clear the Lands the Trustees will give leave to every 



[42] 

f^'reeliolder, to take over witli him , One Male Servant or Apprentice 
of the Age of Eighteen Years and upwards to be Bound for no less 
than Four Years, and will by way of Loan to such Freeholder, 
Advance the Charges of Passage for such Servant or Apprentice, 
and Furnishing him with the Cloathing and Provision hereafter 
mentioned, to be delivered in such proportions, and at such Times, 
as the Trust shall think proper, viz. 
A Pallias and Bolster and Blanket for Bedding, 
A Frock and Trowsers of Lintsey-Woolsey, 



for Cloathintr. 



A Shirt and Frock and Trowsers of Oznabrigs, 

A pair of Shoes from England, 

And two pair of Country Shoes. 

And 200 Pounds of Meat, ^ 

And 342 Pounds of Rice, Pease, [■ for Food for a Year. 

or Indian Corn, } 

The Expence of which Passage, Cloathing and Provisions, is to 
be Re-paid the Trustees by the Master, within the Third Year 
from their Embarkation from England. 

And to each Man Servant and the Heirs Male of his Body for 
ever, after the Expiration of his Service, upon a Certificate from 
his Master of his having Served well, will be granted Twenty Acres 
of Land, under such Rents and Agreements, as shall have been then 
last Granted to any other Man Servant in like Circumstances. 

Sign'd by Order of the Common Council of the said Trustees, 
for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America, this Second 
Day of Jiihj, 1742. 

Benj. Martyn, Secretary. 



JS'iimber 4 

rilOsuch Persons who can carry Ten men Servants, and settle 
-■- with them in Georgia, at their own Expence, and whose Char- 
acters the Trustees, upon Enquiry, shall approve of, will be granted 
Five Hundred Acres of land in Tail Male, and descend to the Heirs 
Male of their Bodies for ever, under the Yearly Rents of Twenty 
Shillings Sterling Money for every Hundred Acres, for the Support 
of the Colony, the Payment of which is not to commence until 
Ten Years after the Grant. 

And the Land is so granted upon the following Conditions and 
Convenants, 

That such Persons do pay the Rent reserved as the same shall 
become due, and no Part to be unpaid for six Months after due. 

That they within a Month of the Grant shall register the same, 
or a Memorial thereof with the Auditor of the Plantations. 



[43] 

That they within Tu elve Montlis from the "Grant, shall go to 
iuicl arrive in Georgia, with Ten able Bodied Men Servants heing 
each of the Age oi" Twenty Years and upwards. 

That they shall abide in Georgia with such Men Servants 
Tliree Years from the Registring the Grant there, Building their 
Houses and Cultivating their Lands. 

That they shall Clear and Cultivate within Ten Years from the 
Grant Two Hundred Acres of Land, part of the said Five Hundred 
Acres, and Plant Two Thousand white INIulberry-Trees or Plants 
thereupon, and on every Hundred of the other Three Hundred 
Acres, One Thousand White Mulberry-Trees or Plants when 
Cleared, and preserve the same Quantity from time to tiiue there- 
upon, the Trustees obliging themselves to furnish the Plants. 

That they do not Alienate the said Five Hundred Acres of 
Land or any part thereof for any Term of Years, or any Estate or 
Interest in the same, to any Person or Persons without special 
Leave. 

That they do not make Pot-ash in Partnership without Leave, 
but may make it themselves not in Partnership. 

On the Determination of the Estate in Tail Male the Land to 
Revert to the Trust. 

That they shall not depart the said Prcrvihce without Licence. 

All Forfeitures for Non-Residence, High Treason, Felonies &fc. 
are to the Trustees for the Use and Benefit of the Colony. 

If any part of the said Five Hundred Acres of Land shall not be 
Cultivated, Planted, Cleared and Fenced round about with Worm- 
Fence or Pales Six Feet high, within Eighteen Years from the 
Grant, all and every such part shall Revert to the Trust, and the 
Grant as to such Part be void. 

And the Common Council of the Trust at the Expirations of 
the Terms such Men Servants shall be severally bound for, (being 
none less than Four Years) when requested by the Grantee, will 
Grant to each of such Men Servants Twenty Acres of land in Tail 
Male, under such Rents, Conditions, Limitations and Agreements, 
as shall have been then last Granted to any Others Men Servants 
in like Circumstance. 

When the Land Reverts to the Trust on the Detemiination of 
the Estate in Tail iMale. it is to be Granted again to such Person 
as the Common Council of the Trust shall think most for the 
Advantage of the Colony, and the Trust will have a special Regard 
to the Daughters of such who have made improvements on their 
Lots, not already provided for by having Married or Marrying 
Persons in Possession or intitled to Lands in the Province of 
Georgia in Possession or Remainder. 

And the Wives of such Persons in case they should survive their 
Husbands, are, during their Lives, Intitled to the xMonsion House 

G 



[44] 

unci one iiulfof ilie Lands Improved by their Husbands, that is to 
say, inclosed with a Fence Six Feet high. 

Negroes and Rum are Prohibited to be used in the said Pro- 
\ iuce, and Trade with the Indians unless Licensed. 



JS'iimber 5. 

To the KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 

The Humble Memorial and Representation of the State and 
Condition of Your Majesty^ Province of South-Carolina, 
from^ the General Assembly of the said Province. ^ 

"^ OUR IMajesty's most Dutiful Subjects of this Province, having 

■*- often felt with Hearts full of Gratitude, the many Signal Instan- 
ces of your most Sacred Majesty's peculiar Favour and Protection, 
to those Distant Parts of your Dominions, and especially those late 
Proofs of your Majesty's most Gracious and Benign Care, so wisely 
calculated for the Preservation of this your Majesty's Frontier 
Province on the Continent of America, by your Royal Charter to 
the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia, and your 
Great Goodness so Timely applied, for the promoting the Settle- 
ment of the Sioiss at Purrysburgh ; Encouraged by such views of 
your Majesty's Wise and Paternal Care, extended to your Remotest 
Subjects, and Excited by the Duty we owe to your most Sacred 
Majesty, to be always Watchful lor the Support and Secm-ity of 
your Majesty's Interest, especially at this very critical Conjuncture^ 
when the Flame of a War breaking out in Enropc, may very 
speedily be lighted here in this your Majesty's Frontier Province, 
which, in Situation, is known to be of the utmost Importance to 
the General Trade and Traffick in America : We therefore your 
Majesty's most faithful Governor, Council and Commons, convened 
in your Majesty's Province of Sonth- Carolina, crave Leave with 
great Humility to Represent to your Majesty the present State 
and Condition of this your Province, and how greatly it stands in 
need of your Majesty's Gracious and Timely Succour in case of a 
War, to Assist our Defence against the French and Spaniards, or 
any other Enemies to your Majesty's Dominions, as well as against 
the many Nations of Savages which so nearly Threaten the Safety 
of your Majesty's Subjects. 

The Province oi SouiJi- Carolina, and the new Colony of Geor- 
gia Sive the Southern Frontiers of all your Majesty's Dominions ob 
the Continent of America, to the South and South-West of which 
is Situated the strong Castle of St. Augustine, Garrison'd by Four 
Hundred Spaniards, who have several Nations oi' Indians under 
their Subjection, besides several other small Settlements and Gar- 
risons, some of which are not Eighty Miles Distant from th'^ 



[45] 

Colony of Georgia. To the South-West and West ot" us the 
- '-uich have erected a considerable Town near Fort Thoulouse 
\ the MoviUe-R'wex, and several other Forts and Garrisons, some 
H above Three Hundied Miles distant from our Settlements : 
and at New- Orleans on the Mississippi River, since her late 
5\^'.ie3ty Queen Aimers War they have exceedingly increased 
brrengili and Tralnck, and have now many Forts and Gar- 
.. .as on both sides of that great River for several Hundred Miles 
up the same ; and since his most Christian Majesty has taken out 
of th^ Mississippi Company, the Government of that Country 
into his own Kands, the French Natives in Canada, come daily 
down m Shoals to settle all along that River, Avhere many Regular 
Forces have of late been sent over by the King to Strengthen the 
Garrisons in those Places, and according to our best and latest 
Advices, they have Five Hundred Men in Pay, constantly employ- 
ed as Wood-Rangers, to keep their Neighbouring Indians in Sub- 
jection, and to prevent the distant ones from Disturbing the 
Settlements; vviiich Management of the French has so well succeed- 
ed, that we are no\v very well assured they ha\'e wholly now in 
their Possession and under their Influence, the several numerous 
Nations of Indians that are Situate near the Mississippi River, 
one of which called the Choctaws by estimation consits of about 
Five Thousand Fighting Men, and who were always deemed a 
very Warlike Nation, lies on tiiis side the River not above Four 
Hundred Miles distant from our Out-settlements, among whom, as 
well as several other Nations of Indians, many French Europeans 
have been sent to settle, whom the Priests and Missionaries among 
them encourage to take Indian Wives, and use divers other al- 
luring Methods to Attach the Indians the better to the French 
Alliance, by which Means the French ure become tlioroughly ac- 
quainted with the Indian Way, W'arring and Living in the Woods, 
and have now a great Number of White Men among them, able to 
perform a long JMarch with an Army of Indians upon any Ex- 
pedition. 

We further beg leave to inform your Majesty, tliat if the 
Measures of France should provoke your Majesty to a State of 
Hostility against it in Europe, we have great reason to expect aji 
Invasion will be here made upon your Majesty's Subjects by the 
French and Indians fi'om the Mississippi Settlements : They have 
already paved a Way for a Design of that Nature, by Erecting a 
Fort called the Alhama Fort, alias Fort Lewis, in the middle of 
the upper Creek Indians, upon a Navigable River leading to 
Movi/Je, which they have kept well Garrisoned and Mounted with 
Fourteen Pieces of Cannon, and have lately been pievcnted from 
erecting a Second nearer to us on that Quarter. The Creeks are 
a Nation very Bold, Active and Daring, consisting of about 
Thirteen Hundred Fighting Men (and not above One Hundred 



[46] 

and Fifty Miles distant from the Choctaws) whom, though wt* 
heretofore have Traded with, claimed and held in our Alliance, 
yet the French on Account of that Fort and a superiour ability to 
make tiiem Liberal Presents, have been for some time striving to 
draw them over to tlieir Interest, and have Succeeded with some 
of the Towns of the Creeks ; which, if they can be Secured in 
your Majesty's Interest, are the only Nation which your Majesty's 
Subjects here can depend upon as the best Barrier against any 
Attempts either of the French or their Confedrate Indians.. 

We most Humbly pray Leave farther to inform your Majesty, 
that the French at MovilJe perceiving that they could not gain 
the In\Hans to their Interest, witljout buying their Deer-Skins 
(which is the only Commodity the Indians have to purchase 
Necessaries with) and the French not being able to dispose of 
those Skins by reason of their having no Vend for them in Old 
France, they have found Means to incourage Vessels from hence, 
New-York, and other Places (which are not Prohibited by the 
Acts of Trade) to Tmck those Skins with them for Indian Trading 
Goods, especially the British Woollen Manufactures, which the 
French dispose of to the Creeks and Choctaws, Qndoihev Indians, 
by which Means the Indians are much more Alienated from our 
Interest, and on every Occasion object to us that the French can 
supply them with Strouds and Blankets as well as the English, 
which would have the contrary Effect if they were wholly supplied 
with those Commodities by your Majesty's Subjects Trading with 
them. If a Stop were therefore put to that peniicious Trade with 
the French, the Cree^^ /^if/jVms chief Dependance would be on this 
Government, and that of Georgia, to supply them with Goods ; 
by wliich Means great Part of the Chociaws, Yw'mg next the Creeks, 
would see the Advantage the Creek Indians enjoyed by having 
British Woollen JVIanufactures wholly from yom- Majesty's Sub- 
jects, and thereby be invited in a short Time to Enter into a Treaty 
of Commerce with us, which they have lately made some Offers 
for, and which, if Effected, will soon lessen the Interest of the 
French with those Indians, and by Degrees Attach them to that 
of your ]\Iajesty. 

The only Expedient we can propose to Recover and Confirm 
that Nation to your Majesty's Interest, is by speedily making them 
Presents to withdraw them from the French Alliance, and by 
Building some Forts among them your Majesty may be put in such 
a Situation, that on the first Notice of Hostilities with the French, 
your Majesty may be able at once to reduce the Albania Fort, 
and we may then si and against the French and their Indians. 
which, if not timely prepared for before a War breaks out, Ave 
have too much Reason to Fear we may be soon over-nm by the 
united strength of the French, the Creeks and Choctaws, with 
niany other Nations of their Indians Allies : For, should the 



[47] 

Creeks iDeeome wholly Enemies, who are well acquainted wiih all 
our Settlements, we probably should also be soon Deserted by the 
Cherokees, and a few othei-s, small Tribes of Indians, who, for the 
sake of our Booty, would readily join to make us a Prey to the 
French and iSavoges. Ever since the late Indian War the Of- 
fences given us then by the Creeks have made that Nation very 
Jealous of your Majesty's Subjects of this Province. We have 
therefore concerted Measures with the Honoui-able James Ogle- 
thorpe, Esq; who, being at the Head of a new Colony, will (we 
hope) be Successlul for your Majesty's Interest amongst that 
People. He has already by Presents Attached the Lower Creeks 
to your Majesty, and has laudably undertaken to endeavour the 
fixing a Garrison among the Upper Creeks, the Expence of which 
is already in part provided for in this Session of the General As- 
senibly of this Province : We hope therefore to prevent the 
French from Encroaching farther on your Majesty's Territories, 
until your Majesty is graciously pleased further to Strengtlien and 
Secme the same. 

^Ve find the Cherokee Nation has lately become very Insolent 
to your jMajesty's Subjects Trading among them, notwithstanding 
the many Favours rhe Chiefs of that Nation received from your 
Majesty m Great-Britain, besides a considerable Expence which 
your Majesty's Subjects of this Province have been at in making 
them Presents, which inclines us to believe that the French by 
their Indians have been tampering with them. We therefore 
beg leave to inform your Majesty, that the Building and Mounting 
some Forts likewise among the Cherokees, and making them 
Presents will be highly necessary to keep them steady in their 
Duty to your Majesty, lest the French may prevail in Seducing 
that Nation, which they may the more readily be inclined to from 
the Prospect of getting considerable Plunder in Slaves, Cattle, 
&fc. Commodities which they very well know they have among 
us, several other Forts will' be indispensably necessary, to be a 
cover to your Majesty's Subjects settled backwards in this Province, 
as also to those of the Colony of Georgia, both which in Length 
are very extensive ; for tho' the Trustees for Establishing the 
Colonv of Georgia, by a particular Scheme of good Management 
Painfully Conducted by the Gentleman engaged here in that 
Chaiitable Enterprize, has put that small part of the Colony, 
which he has not yet been able to establish, in a Tenable Condition 
against the Spaniards of Florida which lie to the Southward ; 
yet the back Exposition of those Colonies to the vast Number of 
French and Indians which border on the Westward, must, incase 
of a War, cry greatly aloud for your Majesty's Gracious and Timely 
Succour. The Expence of our Safety on such an Occasion, we 
must, w ith all Humility, acquaint your Majesty, either for Men or 
Money, can never be Effected by your Majesty's Subjects of this 



[48] 

Province, who, in conjanciion with Georgia, do not in the whole 
amount to more than Three Thousand Five Hundred Men, which 
Compose the Militia and wholly consist of Planters, Tradesmen 
and other Men of Business. 

Besides the many Dangers which by Land we are exposed to 
from so many Enemies that lie on the back of us ; Vv^e further beg 
leave to represent to your Majesty, the Defenceless Condition of our 
Ports and Harbours, were any Enemies ol your Majesty's Do- 
minions may very easily by Sea Invade us, there being no For- 
tifications capable of making much Resistence. Those in Charles- 
Toivn Harbour are now in a very ruinous Condition, occasioned 
by the late violent Storms and Hurricanes which already cost this 
Country a great deal of Money, and now requires several Thou- 
sands of Pounds to Repair the old and Build new ones, to Mount 
the Ordnance which your Majesty was graciously Pleased to send 
us, which, with great Concern, we must inform your Majesty we 
have not yet been able to accomplish, being latel\ obliged lor the 
Defence and Suj)port of this your Majesty's Province and Govern- 
ment, to Raise, by a Tax on the Inhabitants, a Supply of above 
Forty Thousand Pounds Paper Currency per Annum, which is 
a considerable deal more than a Third Part of all the Currency 
among us ; a Charge which your Majesty's Subjects of this 
Province are but barely able to Sustain. Since your Majesty's 
Royal Instruction to your Majesty's Governour here, an intire 
Stop has been put to the Duties v.hich before accrued irom 
European Goods Imported ; and if a War should happen, or any 
thing extraordinary, to be farther Expensive here, we should be 
under the utmost Difficulties to provide additionally for the same, 
lest an Increase of Taxes with an Apprehension of Danger, should 
drive away many of our present Inhabitants, as well as Discourage 
others from coming here to Settle for the Defence and Improve- 
ment of your Majesty's Province, there being several daily moving 
with their Families and Effects to North- Carolina, were there 
are no such Fears and Burdens. 

We must therefore beg leave to inform your Majesty, that, 
amidst our other perilous Circumstances, we are Subject to many 
Intestine Dangers from the great Number of Negroes that are now 
among us, who amount at least to Twenty Two Thousand Persons, 
and are Three to One of all your Majesty's White Subjects in this 
Province. Insurrections against us have been often Attempted, 
and wouUl at any Time prove very Fatal if the French should 
instigate them, by artfully giving them an Expectation of Freedom. 
In such a Situation we most humbly Crave leave to acquaint your 
Majesty, that even the present ordinary Expences necessary for 
the Care and Support of this your Majesty's Province and Go- 
vernment, cannot be provided for by your Majesty's Subjects of 
this Province, without your Majesty's gracious Pleasure to Con- 



[49] 

liiiue those Laws tor Establishing the Negroes and other Duiic; 
for Seven Years, and for appropriating the same, which now lie 
before your Majesty for your Koyal Assent and Approbation : 
and the further Expences that will be requisite for the Erectinf 
some Forts and Establishing Garrisons in the several necessary 
Places, so as to form a Barrier for the Security of this your 
Majesty's Province, we most humbly Submit to your Majesty. 

Your Majesty's Subjects of this Province, with fullnes of Zeal 
Duty and Affection to your most Gracious and Sacred Majesty, 
are so highly sensible of the great Importance of this Province to 
the French, that w^e must conceive it more than probable, if a 
War should happen, they will use all Endeavours to bring this 
Country under their Subjection ; they would be thereby Enabled 
to Support their Sugar Islands with all sorts of Provisions and 
Lumber by an easy Navigation, which to our great Advantage is 
not so Practicable from the present French Colonies, besides the 
facility of gaining then to their Interest most of the Indian Trade 
on the Northern Continent ; they might then easily unite the 
Canadees and Choctaws with the many other Nations of Indians 
which are now in their Interest. And the several Ports and 
Harbours of Carolina and Georgia which now enable your 
Majesty to be absolute Master of the Passage thro' the Gulph of 
Florida, and to impede, at your Pleasure, the Transportation 
home of the Spanish Treasure, would then prove so many Con- 
venient Harbours for }'our Majesty's Enemies, by their Privateers 
or Ships of War to annoy a great Part of the British Trade to 
America, as well as that which is carried on through the Gulph 
from Jamaica; besides the Loss which Great-Britain must feel 
in so considerable a Part of it's Navigation, as well as the Exjiorts 
of Masts, Pitch, Tar and Turpentine, which, without any De- 
pendance on the Nothern Parts of Europe, are from hence 
plentifully supplied for the Use of the British Shipping-. 

This is the present State and Condition of your Majesty's 
Province of South- Carolina, utterly incapable of finding Funds 
sufficient for the Defence of this Wide Frontier, and so destitute 
of White Men, that even Money itself cannot here raise a sufficient 
Body of them. 

With all Himrility we therefore beg Leave to lay ourselves at 
the Feet of your Majesty, humbly imploring your Majesty's most 
gracious Care in the Extremities we should be reduced to on the 
breaking out of a War ; and that your Majesty would be graciously 
pleased to extend your Protection to us, as your Majesty, in your 
great Wisdom, shall think proper. 



Robert Johnson, 
Tho. Broughton 
7734^""^^""' '^'■"''^^""' Paul Jcnys, Speaker. 



In the Council-Chamber o( rrn r, , r» . . 



[50 J 
JS'umbev 6. 

TUomas Feurce, aged Forty Years and upwards, of the Dover 
Man of War, Mariner, having been at Georgia in America, 
on board the Peter and James, Captain George Dymond, in the 
Year One Thousand Seven hundred and Thirty-five ; and, from 
that Ship, on board the Hawk Sloop, Stationed at Georgia until 
the Bednninp of the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and 
Thirty-nine ; and having Sounded every Inlet, from the Sea all 
along tlie Coast of Georgia, from Jekyll Sound to Tyhee Sound, 
maketh Oath and saith,That the said Coast Four Leagues from 
the Land, is all even Ground, not less than Seven or Eight Fathom 
Water, and any Ship keeping in that Depth of Water may Steer 
along the same with the greatest Safety, and Anchor if they have 
occasion : That on the Bar at Jekyll there is at least Thirteen 
Feet and a half, at low Water, and at High Spring Tides Twenty- 
four Feet ; and on the Bar at Tyhee there is at least Sixteen 
Feet and a half at low Water, and at High Water Spring Tides 
Twenty-five Feet and a half; and the Difference between the 
Spring and Niep Tides is generally between Three and J' our 
Feet. 

And this Deponent farther saith, That he is well assured, and 
would undertake, by Sounding with a Boat, even at Niep Tides, 
to carry in Forty-Gun Ships over either of the said Bars ; and 
saith, That he hath seen in the Sound at St. Simon's, from 
Jekyll Bar, Ten Sail of Ships at one Time, and that Ten or 
Twelve Forty Gun Ships may safely ride there ; but behind 
Jekyll Island there is Water and Room enough for Shipping for 
Ten Miles up ; and that the Sound at Tyhee is large enough to 
hold with Safety Seven or Eight Forty Gun Ships. 

And this Deponent farther saith. That Ships in Jekyll Sound 
nuiy in Twenty-four Hours, from the Bar, run out into the Gulf- 
Stream of Florida, through which Stream the Spanish Galleons 
(when not passing the Winward Passage) always come. 

Thomas Pearce. 



Mumber 7. 

To the KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 

The humble Memorial of the Trustees for Establishing the 

Colony of Georgia in America. 

Humbly Sheweth, 

'P Hat they being intrusted by your Majesty with the Care oi' 

the Colony of Georgia, which was formerly Part of your 

Majesty's Province of South- Carolina, and your Majesty's 

Colony of Georgia being very much exposed to the Power of 



[51] 

the Spaniards, and become an object of their Envy, by having 
valuable Ports upon the homeward Passage from the Spanish 
West-Indies, and the Spaniards having increased their Forces 
in the Neiglibourhood thereof; The Trustees, in consequence of 
the great IVust reposed in them by your Majesty, find themselves 
obliged, humbly to lay before your Majesty, their Inability 
sufficiently to Protect your Majesty's Subjects settled in Georgia, 
under the Encouragement of your Majesty's Charter, against 
this late Increase of Forces, and therefore become humble Sup- 
pliants to your Majesty, on the Behalf of your Subjects settled 
in the Province of 'Georgia, that your Majesty would be pleased 
to take their Preservation into your Royal Consideration, that, 
by a necessary Supply of Forces, the Province may be Protected 
against the great Dangers that seem immediately to Threaten it. 
All which is most humbly submitted to your Majesty's great 
Wisdom. 

Signed by Order of the Trustees, this lO^A Day oi August, 

1737. 

Benj. Martyn, Secretary. 



JS'amber 8. 

To the Honourable the Trustees for Establishing the Colony 
of Georgia in America. 

May it please your Honours, 

VKfTSi, whose Names are under-vi^'itten, being all Settlers, Free- 
*' holders, and Inhabitants of the Province of Georgia, and 
being sensible of the great Pains and Care exerted by you, in 
endeavouring to settle this Colony, since it has been under your 
Protection and Management, do unanimously join to lay before 
you, with the utmost Regret, the following Particulars. 

But, in the first Place, we must beg Leave to observe, That it 
has afforded us a great deal of Concern and Uneasiness, that 
former Representations, made to you, of the same Nature, have 
not been thought worthy of a due Consideration, nor even of an 
Answer. We have most of us settled in this Colony, in pursuance 
of a Description and Recommendation of it, by you, in Britain; 
and from the Experience of residing here several Years, do find, 
that it is impossible the Measures hitherto laid down for making 
it a Colony can succeed. None of all those who have planted 
their Lands, have been able to raise sufficient Produce to maintain 
their Families, in Bread-kind only, even though as inuch Ap- 
plication and Industry have been exerted to bring it about, as 
could be done by Men engaged in an Affah', in wliich they believe 



[52] 

the Welfare of themselves and Posterity so much depended, and 
which they imagine must require more than ordinary Pains to 
make it succeed ; so that by the accumulated Expences, every 
Year, of Provisions, Cloathing, Medicines, fyc. for themselves, 
Families, and Servants, several of them have expended all their 
Money, nay, even run considerably in Debt, and so been obliged 
to leave off Planting, and making further Improvements ; and 
those who continue are daily exhausting more and more of their 
Money, and some daily increasing their Debts, without a Pos- 
sibility of being reimburs'd, according to the present Constitution. 
This being now the General State of the Colony, it must be 
obvious, that People cannot subsist by their Land according to 
their present Establishment, and this being a Tnith resulting 
from Trial, Practice, and Experience, cannot be contradicted by 
any Theorical Scheme or Reasoning. The Land then, accord- 
ing to the present Constitution, not being able to maintain the 
Settlers here, they must unavoidably have recourse to, and depend 
upon, Trade ; but to our woeful Experience likewise, the same 
Causes that prevent the first, obstruct the latter ; for though the 
Situation of this Place is exceeding well adapted for Trade, and, 
if it were encouraged, might be much more improved by the In- 
habitants, yet the Difficulties and Restrictions which we hitherto 
have and at present do labour under, debar us of that Advantage. 
Timber is the only Thing we have here which we can Export, 
and notwithstanding we are obliged to fall it in planting our Land, 
yet we cannot manufacture it fit for a Foreign Market, but at 
double the Expence of other Colonies ; as for Instance the River 
of May, which is but Twenty Miles fi-om us, with the Allowance 
of Negroes, load Vessels Avith that Commodity at one half of the 
Price that we can do ; and what should induce Persons to bring 
Ships here, when they can be loaded with one Half of the Ex- 
pence so near us ? Therefore the Timber on the Land is only a 
continual Charge to the Possessors of it, though of very great 
Service in all the Northern Colonies, where Negroes are allowed, 
and consequently Labour cheap. We do noi in the least doubt, 
but that in Time Silk and Wine may be produced here, particu- 
larly the former ; but since the Cultivation of Lands with White 
Servants only cannot raise Provision for our Families, as before 
mentioned, therefore it is likewise impossible to carry on these 
Manufactures according to the present Constitution. It is very 
well known that Carolina can raise every thing that this Colony 
can, and they having their Labour so much cheaper, will always 
ruin our Market, unless we are in some measure on a Footing 
with them ; and as in both, the Land is worn out in Four or Five 
Years, and then fit for nothing but Pasture, we must be always 
at a great deal more Expence than they in clearing new Land for 



[53] 

Planting. The Importation of Necessaries for Life comes to us 
at the most extravagant Rate, Merchants in general, especially of 
England, not being willing to supply the Settlers with Goods 
upon Commission, because no Person here can make them any 
Security of their Lands and Improvements, as is very often 
practised in other Places, to promote Trade, when some of the 
Employer's Money is laid out in necessary Buildings and Im- 
provements, fitted for the Trade intended, without which it can- 
not be carried on. The Benefit of the Importation, therefore, is 
to all transient Persons who do not lay out any Money amongst 
us, but on the contrary carry every Penny out of the Place : 
And the chief Reason for their enhancing the Price, is, because 
they cannot get any Goods here, either on Freight or Purchase, 
for another Market. If the Advantage accruing from Importation 
centered in the Inhabitants, the Profit thereof would naturally 
circulate amongst us, and be laid out in Improvements in the 
Colony. Your Honors, we imagine, are not insensible of the Num- 
bers that have left this Province, not being able to support them- 
selves any longer, and those still remaining, who have Money of 
their own, and Credit with their Friends, have laid out most of the 
former in Improvements, and lost the latter for doing it on such 
precarious Titles ; and upon account of the present Establishment, 
not above Two or Three Persons, except those brought on 
Charity, and Servants sent by you, have come here for the Space 
of Two Years past, either to settle Land or encourage Trade, 
neither do we hear of any such hkely to come, until we are on 
better Terms. 

It is true, his Majesty has been graciously pleased to Grant a 
Regiment for the Defence of this Province, and the neighbouring 
Colony, which indeed will very much Assist us in Defending 
ourselves against all Enemies, but otherwise does not in the least 
contribute to our Support; for all that part of their Pay which is 
expended here, is laid out with Transient People, and our Neigh- 
bours of Carolina, who are capable to supply them with Provi- 
sions and other Necessaries at a moderate Price, which we, as before 
observed, are not at all capable to do, upon the present Establish- 
ment : This being our present Condition it is obvious what the 
Consequences must be. 

But we, for our parts, having intirely relied on, and confided in, 
your good Intentions, believing you would Redress our Grievances 
that should appear, and now, by our long Experience from Indus- 
try and continual Application to Improvement of Land here, do 
find it impossible to pursue it, or subsist ourselves any longer, ac- 
cording to the present nature of the Constitution : And likewise 
believing you will agree to those Measures which are found by 
Experience, capable to make this Colony succeed, and to promote 



[54] 

which we have consumed our Money, Time and Labour ; we do, 
from a sincere and true Regard to it's Welfare, and in Duty both 
10 you and ourselves, beg leave to lay before your immediate 
Consideration, the Two following chief Causes of these our present 
Mislbrtunes, and this deplorable State of the Colony ; and which, 
we are certain, if Granted, would be an infallible Remedy for 
both. 

1. The want of a Free Title or Fee Simple to our Lands, 
which, if Granted, w^ould occasion great Numbers of new Settlers 
to come among us, and likewise encourage those who remain here, 
chearfully to proceed in making further Improvements, as well to 
retrieve their sunk Fortunes, as to make Provision for tbeir Pos- 
terity. 

2. The want and use of Negroes with proper Limitations, 
which, if Granted, would both induce great Numbers of White 
People to come here, and also render us Capable to subsist our- 
selves by raising Provisions upon our Lands, until we could make 
some Produce of it for Export, and in some measure to balance 
our Importation. We are very sensible of the Inconveniences 
and Mischiefs that have already, and do daily arise from an un- 
limited use of Negroes; but we are as sensible that these might 
be prevented by a due Limitation, such as, so many to each White 
Man, or so many to such a Quantity of Land, or in any other 
Manner which your Honours shall think most proper. By Grant- 
ing us. Gentlemen, these Two particulars, and such other Privi- 
leges as his Majesty's most dutiful Subjects in America enjoy, 
you will not only prevent our impending Ruin, but we are fully 
satisfied, also, will soon make this the most flourishing Colony 
possessed by his Majesty in America, and your Memories w ill be 
perpetuated to all future Ages, our latest Posterity sounding your 
Praises as their first Founders, Patrons and Guardians : But if, 
by Denying us those Privileges, we ourselves and Families are not 
only Ruined, but even our Posterities likewise, you will always 
be mentioned as the Cause and Authors of all their Misfortunes 
and Calamities; which we hope will never happen. 

We are, icith all due Respect, 

Yoiir Honours most Dutiful, 

and Obedient Servants 

Henry Parker, Sam. Mercer, 
Robert f Gilbert, his mark. Robert Williams, 

Thomas Christie, Patrick Graham, 

John FalloivJielJ, Da. Dous;las, 

John Brownfie.ld, Tho. Baillie, 

William Woodroofe. Hugh Anderson, 

Pat, Tailfer, James Carivtlls, 



[55] 



And. Grant, 

Jos. Fit z waiter, 

EHsha Forster, 

Walter Fox, 

William Ewen, 

J. Amoury, 

Jn. Houston, 

James IVilliams, 

Edivard Jenkins, 

Thomas Omaston, 

Joseph Wardrop, 

George Buncle, 

Adrian Loyer, 

P. Jouhert, 

John Burton, 

Robert Hoivs, 

Wm.. f Maiers, his mark, 

Thomas Salter, 

James Baillow, 

James Anderson, 

John Seillie, 

William, Starjickeit, 

Petrc Baillou, 

Peter Emory, 

Henry Lloyd, 

Wm. Elbert, 

John Smith, 

Wm. Cahert, 

Stephen Marrauld, 

Jacob Matheivs, 

Isaac Young, 

Robert Hainks, 

Archibald, Glen, 

Tho. Neale, 

Stephen f Terien, his mark. 

Sam. Ward, 

James f Smith, his maik. 

Pierre Morel, 

Stephen de Monford, 

David Gainder, 

James f Chensac, his mark. 

James f Landry, his mark. 

Simson f Rouviere, his mark. 

Louis Stamen, 

Thomas Tripp, 

Sam. Holmes, 



John Lyndall, 
William Parker, 
John Graham, 
James Pajjot, 
John Penrose, 
David Snook, 
Edward, Toumshend, 
John Desborough, 
Andrew Duche," 
James Galloivay, 
John Desborough, Junr. 
Edward Bush, 
Benj. Adams, 
Charles Britain. 
-John Rae, 
William. Coltbred. 
John Young, 
Samuel Lacey, 
Andrew Walker. 
John Miller, 
Richard Rogers, 
Thomas Gantlet, 
Richard Millechamp, 
Isaac Young, Senr. 
John Kelley, 
Jos. Stanley, 
Tho. f Young, his mark. 
Thomas f Cross, his mark. 
Richard Davis, 
Thomas Wattle, 
Thomas f Baillie, his mark. 
James Corneck, 
James Burnsides, 
Hugh f Frazer, his mark. 
Samuel Parker, 
William Sterling, 
Tho. Andrews, 
George Gorsand, 
John Stonchewer, 
John Teasdeall, 
Wm. f Greenfield, his mark. 
Cha. f Greenfield, his mark. 
Thomas f Young, his mark. 
Jame^^ -f^o^mcr, ^') ^^» 
Willidm^aher, '' 
Henry f Moulton. his mark. 



[56] 



James Mure. 
James Dean, 
Don. Stewart, 
Gille Been, 
Francis Brooks, 
John Clarice, 
Henry Green, 
Jacob Wats, 

Savannah in Georgia, December 9, 1738 



Thomas Tibbett, 

John Dudding, 

George f Bush, his mark. 

Peter f Deshter, his mark. 

Henry Manley, his mark. 

Head Gardiner, 

Kenedy O Brien. 



RD-18.6 




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